Table 3.
Hippocampal volume and cortisol awakening response in male and female patients and controls.
| Total group | FEP (N = 58) | Controls (N = 27) | ANOVA (F/p-value) | ANCOVA (F/p-value)e |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left HV, mean (SD)a | 3136.5 (323.1) | 3305.9 (343.9) | 4.86/.030 | 3.99/.049 |
| Right HV, mean (SD)a | 3259.6 (343.9) | 3435.9 (327.8) | 4.98/.028 | 5.71/.019 |
| Scaling factor (SD)b | 1.249 (0.130) | 1.202 (0.137) | 2.30/.133 | 4.86/.030 |
| CAR AUCg, mean (SD)c | 693.0 (398.4) | 932.6 (341.4) | 8.03/.006 | 8.02/.006 |
| Time of awakening, mean (SD)d | 8:51 a.m. (1:53) | 8:23 a.m. (1:31) | 1.31/.255 | 1.26/.272 |
| Men | FEP (N = 39) | Controls (N = 15) | ANOVA (F/p-value) | ANCOVA (F/p-value)e |
| Left HV, mean (SD)a | 3214.7 (336.9) | 3503.0 (261.6) | 8.88/.004 | 4.09/.049 |
| Right HV, mean (SD)a | 3349.2 (351.5) | 3629.9 (219.3) | 8.26/.006 | 4.71/.035 |
| Scaling factorb | 1.194 (0.095) | 1.109 (0.036) | 10.23/.002 | 7.18/.010 |
| CAR AUCg, mean (SD)c | 620.1 (368.6) | 861.3 (298.1) | 5.65/.021 | 6.09/.021 |
| Time of awakening, mean (SD)d | 9:01 a.m. (2:01) | 8:13 (1:33) | 1.97/.166 | 2.31/.135 |
| Women | FEP (N = 19) | Controls (N = 12) | ANOVA (F/p-value) | ANCOVA (F/p-value)e |
| Left HV, mean (SD)a | 2975.9 (224.8) | 3059.5 (270.7) | 0.87/.359 | 1.87/.184 |
| Right HV, mean (SD)a | 3075.7 (246.6) | 3193.3 (277.6) | 1.52/.228 | 5.41/.028 |
| Scaling factorb | 1.363 (0.119) | 1.319 (0.111) | 1.03/.319 | 2.53/.124 |
| CAR AUCg, mean (SD)c | 842.7 (425.1) | 1021.7 (383.2) | 1.62/.214 | 1.67/.208 |
| Time of awakening, mean (SD)d | 8:31 a.m. (1:36) | 8:36 (1:30) | 0.02/ .898 | 2.64/.612 |
a
Hippocampal volume, native space.
b
Transformation factor from native into standard space, indicates total brain volume differences.
c
Cortisol awakening response (area under the curve with respect to ground).
d
At the time of cortisol assessment.
e
Controlling for age, cigarette smoking, cannabis use and relationship status.