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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 20.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Brain Res. 2013;207:65–90. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63327-9.00003-5

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Nucleus basalis pairing can improve behavioral performance on perceptual tasks. (A) The go–no go operant conditioning task: rats learn to nose poke in response to 4 kHz tones and to withhold from poking after other frequencies. (B) Before pairing (black lines), rats do not detect low-intensity targets, but after pairing (red lines) a 4 kHz tone played at 30 dB SPL with nucleus basalis pairing, detection at the paired intensity increases significantly. (C) Pairing of the target tone with nucleus basalis stimulation improves recognition of the target tone from foil tones that are at a small perceptual distance from each other (same color code as in b).

Reproduced from Froemke et al. (2013).