Table 3.

Association between early life environmental exposures and surgery in ulcerative colitis

Exposure	Univariate odds ratio‖	95% confidence interval
Breastfeeding	1.51	0.63-3.61
Exposure to cigarette smoke	1.28	0.60-2.71
Pets during childhood	0.99	0.45-2.17
Daycare	1.96	0.92-4.18
Hospitalized before age 5 years	1.09	0.38-3.11
Delivery via caesarean section	0.63	0.18 – 2.22

‖As none of the variables were significant on univariate analysis, we did not perform multivariate adjusted analyses.

There was no IBD-related surgery among the 10 UC patients who reported growing up on a farm. Consequently, an odds ratio couldn’t be estimated.