Table 2.
Risk of Cardiovascular Events among Women with Penodontal Disease
| Outcome | No Periodontal Disease | Prevalent Periodontal Disease at Baseline | Incident Periodontal Disease during Follow-upa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major CVD | N (Events) | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Incidence rate (95% CI)b | 39863 (1549) | 2.25 (2.11–2.38) | 3.24 (2.90–3.57) | 2.98 (2.49–3.48) | ||
|
| ||||||
| HR (95% CIs) | P | HR (95% CIs) | P | |||
|
|
||||||
| Age-adjustedc | 39863 (1549) | [Reference] | 1.27 (1.12–1.43) | <.001 | 1.40 (1.15–1.72) | 0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 d | 34228 (1274) | [Reference] | 1.14 (1.00–1.31) | 0.05 | 1.42 (1.14–1.77) | 0.002 |
| Multivariate model 2 e | 24033 (883) | [Reference] | 1.17 (0.99–1.37) | 0.06 | 1.31 (1.01–1.71) | 0.045 |
|
| ||||||
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Incidence rate (95% CI)b | 39863 (642) | 0.91 (0.82–0.99) | 1.36 (1.15–1.58) | 1.33 (1.00–1.66) | ||
|
| ||||||
| HR (95% CIs) | P | HR (95% CIs) | P | |||
|
|
||||||
| Age-adjustedc | 39863 (642) | [Reference] | 1.34 (1.12–1.62) | 0.002 | 1.56 (1.15–2.12) | 0.005 |
| Multivariate model 1 d | 34228 (525) | [Reference] | 1.27 (1.04–1.56) | 0.02 | 1.72 (1.25–2.38) | <.001 |
| Multivariate model 2e | 24033 (353) | [Reference] | 1.35 (1.05–1.73) | 0.02 | 1.65 (1.11–2.45) | 0.01 |
|
| ||||||
| Ischemic stroke | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Incidence rate (95% CI)b | 39863 (677) | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | 1.43 (1.21–1.65) | 1.41 (1.07–1.76) | ||
|
| ||||||
| HR (95% CIs) | P | HR (95% CIs) | P | |||
|
|
||||||
| Age-adjustedc | 39863 (677) | [Reference] | 1.28(1.07–1.54) | 0.006 | 1.40(1.04–1.90) | 0.03 |
| Multivariate model 1 d | 34228 (558) | [Reference] | 1.12(0.91–1.37) | 0.3 | 1.41(1.02–1.95) | 0.04 |
| Multivariate model 2e | 24033 (394) | [Reference] | 1.05(0.82–1.35) | 0.7 | 1.28(0.87–1.88) | 0.2 |
|
| ||||||
| Total CVD | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Incidence rate (95% CI)b | 39863 (2387) | 3.52 (3.35–3.69) | 5.03 (4.61–5.45) | 4.39 (3.78–5.00) | ||
|
| ||||||
| HR (95% CIs) | P | HR (95% CIs) | P | |||
|
|
||||||
| Age-adjustedc | 39863 (2387) | [Reference] | 1.27(1.15–1.4) | <.001 | 1.25(1.06–1.48) | 0.009 |
| Multivariate model 1 d | 34228 (1968) | [Reference] | 1.15(1.03–1.28) | 0.01 | 1.27(1.06–1.52) | 0.01 |
| Multivariate model 2e | 24033 (1388) | [Reference] | 1.12(1.05–1.36) | 0.007 | 1.2(0.97–1.49) | 0.1 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
Follow up time of incident periodontal disease ended on March 31, 2006 and follow up of cardiovascular outcomes ended on March 14,2012.
Per 1000 person-years of follow up.
Models were adjusted for the age at randomization . These models were based on 1549, 642, 677, 2387 events of major CVD, MI, ischemic stroke, and total CVD, respectively, among 39863women.
Additionally adjusted for race/ethnicity, body mass index, education, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, family history of myocardial infarction, and physical activities. These multivariable models were based on 1274, 525, 588, 1968 events of major CVD, MI, ischemic stroke, and total CVD, respectively, among 34228 women, due to missing data.
Additionally adjusted for natural-log-transformed serum levels of C-reactive protein. These multivariable models were based on 883, 353, 394, 1388 events of major CVD, MI, ischemic stroke, and total CVD, respectively, among 24033 women, due to missing data.