Table 2.
The proposed nomenclature for histone modifications
| Type of modification | Amino acid (symbol) | Level of modification | Abbreviation of modifications | Examples of notion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methylation |
Arginine (R) Arginine (R) Arginine (R) Lysine (K) Lysine (K) Lysine (K) |
Mono- Di-, symmetrical Di-, asymmetrical Mono- Di- Tri- |
me1 me2s me2a me1 me2 me3 |
H3R2me1 H2ARme2s H4R3me2a H3K9me1 H3K9me2 H3K9me3 |
| Acetylation | Lysine (K) | Mono- | ac | H4K5ac |
| Phosphorylation |
Serine (S) Threonine (T) Tyrosine (Y) |
Mono- Mono- Mono- |
ph ph ph |
H3S10ph H3T11ph H3Y41ph |
| Ubiquitination |
Lysine (K) Lysine (K) Lysine (K) |
Mono- Di- Poly- |
ub1 ub2 ubn |
H2AK119ub1 H2AK119ub2 H2AK119ubn |
| Sumoylation | Lysine (K) | Mono- | su | H4K14su |
| Biotynylation | Lysine (K) | Mono- | bio | H2AK9bio |
| Citrullination | Arginine (R) | Mono- | cit | H3R17cit |
| ADP-ribosylation |
Glutamate (E) Arginine (R) Glutamate (E) |
Mono- Mono- Poly- |
ar1 ar1 arn |
H1E15ar1 H1.3R33ar1 H2BE2arn |
| β-N-glycosylation |
Serine (S) Threonine (T) |
Mono- Mono- |
glc glc |
H3T32glc H3S10glc |
| Isomerization |
Proline (P) Aspartic acid (D) |
cis/trans |
iso iso |
H3P38iso H2BD25iso? |
| Crotonylation | Lysine (K) | Mono- | cr | H2BK5cr |
| Formylation | Lysine (K) | Mono- | fo | H1K17fo |
| Propionylation | Lysine (K) | Mono- | prop | H3K23prop |
| Butyrylation | Lysine (K) | Mono- | buty | H4K5buty |