Table 1.
Means (and standard deviations) for child variables, including standard scores (SS), W scores (W), and Developmental Scale scores (DS).
| Variable | Fall G1 | Spring G1 | Fall G2 | Spring G2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % DVAR | 66.42 (17.26) | 51.65 (31.21) | 44.60 (28,07) | 43.21 (29.12) |
| WJ3 Letter–Word Identification SS | 98.20 (17.02) | 103.86 (16.89) | 95.57 (15.95) | 95.97 (15.23) |
| WJ3 Letter–Word Identification W | 430.59 (25.93) | 445.63 (34.32) | 437.97 (34.99) | 460.10 (33.06) |
| WJ3 Passage Comprehension SS | 91.23 (16.09) | 98.09 (13.95) | 87.83 (13.54) | 88.83 (14.01) |
| WJ3 Passage Comprehension W | 430.59 (25.93) | 462.94 (18.11) | 461.07 (19.15) | 471.38 (20.84) |
| WJ3 Sound Awareness SS | 100.02 (14.81) | |||
| WJ3 Sound Awareness W | 475.69 (13.16) | |||
| WJ3 Picture Vocabulary SS | 98.24 (8.50) | |||
| WJ3 Picture Vocabulary W | 475.29 (9.26) | |||
| DELV-S Morphosyntactic SS | 86.04 (14.65) | |||
| DELV-S Morphosyntactic DS | 503.86 (86.65) | |||
| DELV-S Nonword Repetition SS | 94.92 (17.63) | |||
| DELV-S Nonword Repetition DS | 513.61 (101.72) |
Note. G1 = first grade; G2 = second grade; DVAR = a percentage of dialect variation score, which represents children’s Nonmainstream American English (NMAE) use at one point in time; WJ3 = Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Achievement—Third Edition; DELV–S = Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation—Screening Test.