Table 1.
Non-vitamin prescription use (NVPU) by maternal characteristics, Hawai‘i PRAMS, 2009–2011
| Percent of total birth population* (95% CI) | Percent reporting NVPU before pregnancy* (95% CI) | Percent reporting NVPU duringpregnancy* (95% CI) | |
| Total | 100 (N/A) | 14.2 (13.0 – 15.5) | 17.6 (16.2 – 19.0) |
| Age (years) | |||
| Less than 20 | 7.3 (6.4 – 8.3) | 7.1 (4.5 – 11.0) | 10.3 (6.9 – 15.2) |
| 20–24 | 23.6 (22.1 – 25.3) | 10.9 (8.7 – 13.4) | 16.1 (13.4 – 19.3) |
| 25–29 | 27.3 (25.7 – 29.0) | 15.5 (13.1 – 18.2) | 17.3 (14.8 – 20.1) |
| 30–34 | 24.4 (22.9 – 26.0) | 15.7 (13.3 – 18.5) | 18.6 (15.9 – 21.7) |
| 35 or older | 17.4 (16.1 – 18.8) | 17.5 (14.5 – 20.9) | 21.5 (18.2 – 25.2) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Hawaiiana | 30.1 (28.4 – 31.7) | 13.2 (11.2 – 15.5) | 15.3 (13.1 – 17.8) |
| White | 23.0 (21.5 – 24.6) | 22.9 (19.8 – 26.4) | 26.2 (23.0 – 29.8) |
| Filipino | 17.8 (16.5 – 19.3) | 12.3 (9.8 – 15.4) | 16.1 (13.1 – 19.6) |
| Japanese | 9.3 (8.3 – 10.5) | 12.0 (8.8 – 16.3) | 14.8 (11.2 – 19.4) |
| Other Pacific Islanderb | 7.4 (6.4 – 8.5) | 3.1 (1.6 – 5.9) | 5.7 (3.2 – 10.1) |
| Other Asianc | 7.2 (6.3 – 8.3) | 10.2 (6.7 – 15.1) | 15.9 (11.5 – 21.6) |
| Other or unknownd | 5.2 (4.4 – 6.1) | 12.7 (8.4 – 18.8) | 21.6 (15.5 – 29.3) |
| Nativity | |||
| Born in United States | 74.8 (73.1 – 76.4) | 16.5 (15.0 – 18.1) | 19.9 (18.3 – 21.7) |
| Born outside United States | 25.2 (23.7 – 26.9) | 7.3 (5.6 – 9.4) | 10.6 (8.5 – 13.2) |
| Education Level | |||
| Less than high school | 7.5 (6.6 – 8.5) | 6.3 (4.0 – 10.0) | 7.4 (4.7 – 11.3) |
| High school graduate | 39.7 (37.9 – 41.5) | 12.8 (11.0 – 14.9) | 15.5 (13.5 – 17.8) |
| 1–3 years of college | 23.5 (22.0 – 25.1) | 15.5 (13.0 – 18.4) | 21.4 (18.4 – 24.7) |
| 4 or more years of college | 29.3 (27.7 – 31.0) | 17.4 (15.0 – 20.1) | 20.3 (17.7 – 23.2) |
| Federal Poverty Level (%) | |||
| 100% or less | 29.3 (27.6 – 31.0) | 10.9 (9.1 – 13.1) | 11.5 (9.6 – 13.8) |
| 101% – 200% | 26.0 (24.4 – 27.7) | 13.0 (10.7 – 15.7) | 17.9 (15.1 – 21.1) |
| 201% or greater | 44.7 (42.8 – 46.6) | 17.9 (15.8 – 20.1) | 21.8 (19.5 – 24.3) |
| Parity | |||
| Primipara | 40.6 (38.8 – 42.4) | 14.1 (12.3 – 16.1) | 17.7 (15.6 – 20.0) |
| Multipara | 59.4 (57.6 – 61.2) | 14.2 (12.7 – 16.0) | 17.5 (15.7 – 19.4) |
| Pre-pregnancy Chronic Diseasee | |||
| Yes | 19.7 (18.3 – 21.1) | 37.7 (34.0 – 41.7) | 36.1 (32.4 – 40.1) |
| No | 80.3 (78.9 – 81.7) | 8.4 (7.4 – 9.6) | 13.0 (11.7 – 14.5) |
| Pregnancy-related Medical Problemf | |||
| Yes | 52.8 (50.9 – 54.6) | 18.6 (16.8 – 20.6) | 24.5 (22.4 – 26.7) |
| No | 47.2 (45.4 – 49.1) | 9.2 (7.8 – 10.9) | 9.8 (8.3 – 11.6) |
Weighted estimates;
Hawaiian includes part Hawaiian;
Other Pacific Islander includes: Samoan, Guamanian, and other Pacific Islander;
Other Asian includes: Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Asian Indian, and other Asian;
Other or unknown includes: African American, American Indian, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Mexican, and all others;
Pre-pregnancy chronic disease includes: diabetes, asthma, hypertension, heart problems, epilepsy, thyroid problems, depression, and anxiety;
Pregnancy-related medical problem includes: gestational diabetes, vaginal bleeding, kidney or bladder infection, severe nausea, vomiting, or dehydration, cervical cerclage, hypertension, preeclampsia, or toxemia during pregnancy, placental problems, preterm labor, and blood transfusion during pregnancy.
Differences by demographic variables listed in this table were statistically significant at the P < .001 level, with the exception of differences in use during pregnancy by maternal age (P = .002) and differences by parity, both before pregnancy (P = .891) and during pregnancy (P = .869).