Table 1.

Comparison of data between the percutaneous and open groups

	Percutaneous group (n = 20)	Open group (n = 25)	P value
Age (yr)	59.6	64.7	0.113
Sex	14 males	11 males	0.085
	6 females	14 females
Anterior operative time (min)	149 ± 39.5	156 ± 33.7	0.534
Anterior blood loss (mL)	577.5 ± 203.4	594 ± 194.1	0.788
Posterior operative time (min)	102.5 ± 28.3	129 ± 20.9	0.001*
Posterior blood loss (mL)	89 ± 34.6	344.8 ± 155.2	<0.001*
Number of analgesic injections	3.9 ± 2.1	5 ± 1.4	0.042*
VAS score, next day after posterior instrumentation	4 ± 1.3	5.5 ± 1.2	<0.001*
VAS score, 7 days after posterior instrumentation	2.8 ± 1.2	3.5 ± 0.9	0.03*

VAS, visual analogue scale.

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, and *P < 0.05.