Table 3.
Adjusted ratios (95% CI) of outcome risk factor* variables by area of residence for women
| Metropolitan a | Non-metropolitan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model adjusted for age | Model adjusted for age and individual SEP factors | Model adjusted for age, individual SEP factors and area-level disadvantage | |||
| Mean (n or SD) | Mean (n or SD) | Ratio (95% CI) | Ratio (95% CI) | Ratio (95% CI) | |
| Smoking status (n = 1418) | |||||
| Never | 54.1% (558) | 56.6% (219) | |||
| Ex-smoker | 26.0% (268) | 18.9% (73) | 0.71 (0.56, 0.89) | 0.63 (0.50, 0.80) c | 0.62 (0.49, 0.79) |
| Current smoker | 19.9% (205) | 24.5% (95) | 1.25 (1.01, 1.54) | 1.23 (1.00, 1.52) c | 1.14 (0.92, 1.40) |
| Alcohol consumption (n = 1400) | |||||
| None | 18.0% (183) | 24.4% (94) | |||
| 20 gm/day or less | 75.5% (766) | 70.7% (272) | 0.94 (0.87, 1.01) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10)c | 1.04 (0.97, 1.13) |
| More than 20 gm/day | 6.5% (66) | 4.9% (19) | 0.75 (0.45, 1.23) | 0.90 (0.53, 1.54)c | 0.95 (0.55, 1.64) |
| BMI (n = 1387) | |||||
| Not overweight | 65.5% (670) | 53.3% (194) | |||
| Overweight | 23.1% (236) | 26.4% (96) | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.28)d | 1.07 (0.85, 1.34) |
| Obese | 11.4% (117) | 20.3% (74) | 1.75 (1.33, 2.28) | 1.59 (1.20, 2.11) d | 1.46 (1.08, 1.96) |
| Physical Activity (mins/week) (n = 1349) | |||||
| Occupational | |||||
| No activity | 58.4% (573) | 51.5% (189) | |||
| Some activity | 41.6% (409) | 48.5% (178) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 1.26 (1.11, 1.43) c | 1.23 (1.07, 1.40) |
| Of those with some activity (n = 587)b | 261.9 (303.7) | 228.4 (265.5) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.04) | 0.88 (0.69, 1.06)c | 0.82 (0.64, 1.00) |
| Domesticb | 187.1 (246.6) | 311.2 (314.4) | 1.61 (1.39, 1.82) | 1.22 (1.06, 1.38) c | 1.16 (1.00, 1.33) |
| Active Commutingb | 44.7 (96.5) | 24.2 (62.1) | 0.56 (0.39, 0.73) | 0.62 (0.43, 0.81) c | 0.62 (0.42, 0.81) |
| Leisure timeb | 96.0 (155.0) | 63.2 (114.0) | 0.67 (0.52, 0.81) | 0.79 (0.62, 0.97) c | 0.84 (0.66, 1.03) |
| Steps per day (n = 1068)b | 8543.7 (2975.8) | 8506.4 (2996.8) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04)c | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) |
| Dietary guideline met (n = 1344) | |||||
| Less than 2 guidelines | 28.2% (275) | 38.1% (141) | |||
| 2 or more guidelines (up to 5) | 71.8% (699) | 61.9% (229) | 0.86 (0.79, 0.94) | 0.88 (0.81, 0.96) e | 0.91 (0.83, 0.99) |
| Depression (n = 1056) | |||||
| Negative | 89.4% (739) | 86.9% (199) | |||
| Positive | 10.6% (88) | 13.1% (30) | 1.23 (0.83, 1.81) | 1.14 (0.76, 1.71)c | 1.06 (0.70, 1.61) |
| Anxiety (n = 1056) | |||||
| Negative | 87.2% (721) | 86.9% (199) | |||
| Positive | 12.8% (106) | 13.1% (30) | 1.02 (0.70, 1.49) | 1.01 (0.68, 1.49)c | 0.98 (0.65, 1.48) |
CI: confidence interval; ref: referent; BMI: body mass index.
All bolded values are statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
*Sample sizes vary due to missing data for outcome variables (range 1,418 to 1,056).
aMetropolitan is the reference category.
bData is summarised as mean (SD) and as ratios of means (95% CI).
cAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation, marital status, employment status, number of children.
dAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation, employment status, number of children.
eAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation.