Table 1.
Socio-demographic and medical characteristics of the study population (n = 201)
| Housing information | • Permanent brick structure | 119 (59%) |
| • Running water indoors | 93 (46%) | |
| • Electricity/gas/paraffin available | 153 (76%) | |
| Main source of household income | • Regular income employment | 92 (46%) |
| • Temporary employment | 30 (15%) | |
| • Social grants/grandparent’s pension | 79 (39%) | |
| Mode of transport used for travel to health services | • Public transport/communal taxi | 191 (95%) |
| • Private transport | 9 (4.5%) | |
| • Travel on foot | 1 (0.5 %) | |
| Child’s rank within family | • 1st child | 71 (35%) |
| • 2nd child | 72 (36%) | |
| • 3rd child or more | 58 (29%) | |
| Antenatal care | • None | 8 (4%) |
| • One to three visits | 66 (33%) | |
| • Four to six visits | 101 (50%) | |
| • Seven visits and more | 26 (13%) | |
| Maternal HIV test* | • Before pregnancy | 32 (16%) |
| • First trimester | 33 (16.5%) | |
| • Second trimester | 102 (51%) | |
| • Third trimester | 10 (5%) | |
| • After pregnancy | 23 (11.5%) | |
| Paternal HIV status | • Positive | 52 (26%) |
| • Negative | 4 (2%) | |
| • Never tested/unknown | 145 (72%) | |
| Place of delivery | • Health care facility | 192 (96%) |
| • Home | 9 (4%) | |
| Type of delivery | • Normal vaginal delivery | 142 (71%) |
| • Cesarean section | 59 (29%) | |
| Birth weight** | • Less than 2.5 kg | 23 (11%) |
| • 2.5 - 4 kg | 172 (86%) | |
| • More than 4 kg | 5 (3%) | |
| Infant feeding choice at the time of delivery | • Exclusive breastfeeding | 135 (67%) |
| • Formula feeding | 66 (33%) |
*One case excluded as timing of maternal HIV test unknown.
**One case excluded as birth weight unknown.