Table 2.

Preclinical results of adult neural stem cells against neurodegenerative diseases

Targeted disease animal model	Cell source	Injection method	Result	Animal species	Ref.
Demyelinated spinal cord injury	Frontal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampus, and subventricular/subependymal zone of frontal lobe	The midline of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord at three longitudinal sites	The cells elicited extensive remyelination with a peripheral myelin pattern similar to Schwanncell myelination The remyelinated axons conducted impulses at near normal conduction velocities	Rat	[56]
Multiple sclerosis (lysolecithin-demyelinated brain)	Temporal lobe	Local injection to demyelinated brain regions	Transplanted cells migrated to lesions without extending into normal white matter. Implanted progenitors matured as oligodendrocytes, and developed myelin-associated antigens	Rat	[57]
Global brain ischemia	Temporal lobe	The posterior periventricular region above the hippocampus	Adult human NPCs survived, migrated into ischemic regions, and differentiated into functional neural cells No information about therapeutic effects	Rat	[58]
Global brain ischemia	Temporal lobe	Left hippocampus After in vitro differentiation	Injected cells migrated preferentially into an ischemic lesion, which was mediated by SDF-1α and CXCR4 signaling pathways No information about therapeutic effects	Rat	[59]
Focal ischemic stroke	Temporal lobe	Contralateral lateral ventricle	Transplanted cells reduced infarction volumes and enhanced motor activity	Rat	[18]