Figure 3.

(a) Systemic injections of the highest dose of THIIC attenuated NaLac-induced anxiety behavior (as measured by reduced social interaction times) in rats made panic-prone with chronic reductions of GABA synthesis in the DMH/PeF (i.e. local l-AG infusions). The * symbol in Figure 3 (a) indicates between-subject differences using a Tukey’s posthoc test protected with an ANOVA. (b) Systemic injections of both doses of the THIIC attenuated NaLac-induced tachycardia in rats made panic-prone with chronic reductions of GABA synthesis in the DMH/PeF (i.e. l-AG infusions). (c) NaLac did not elicit an increase in general motor activity. There was no significant baseline HR or general locomotor activity between groups (see Figure legends for baseline HR and activity +/− SEM).

Symbols a and b in Figure 3(b) indicate the between-subject differences, using a Tukey’s posthoc test protected with an ANOVA. The * symbol in Figure 3(b) indicates within-subject time points that are significantly different that the 1 min pre-NaLac infusion time point, using a one-way Dunnett’s posthoc test.

THIIC: N-(4-{[3-hydroxy-4-(2-methylpropanoyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}benzyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide); NaLac: sodium lactate; GABA: gamma-aminobutyric acid; DMH/PeF: dorsomedial/perifornical hypothalamus; I-AG: l-allyglycine; HR: heart rate; Lac: lactate; Veh: control vehicle; BsIn: baseline; BPM: beats per minute.