Table 1.
List of whitefly species found associated with seven plant species in Palmira/Valle del Cauca (Colombia) based on morphological and anatomical features of the puparia
| Host plant1 | WF species identification2 | Key used |
|---|---|---|
| Citrus sinensis | Aleurothrixus floccosus | Puparia dark brown to black; margin with coarse teeth, a gland is present at the base of each tooth, which gives margin the appearance of having a double row of teeth. Vasiform orifice elevated, small lingula obscured by operculum. Caudal furrow absent. Puparia often in dense groups which are covered by secreted flocculent wax (Martin 1987) |
| Ipomoea indica | Aleurotrachelus trachoides | Puparia black, marginal row of teeth much paler than the rest of pupal case, each tooth with an even paler glandular spot at its base. Inner submargin, mesad of marginal teeth and glands, with regular rows of coarse black. This dotted zone is divided into blocks by narrow breaks perpendicular to the margin; lingula large setose, expanded apically, protruding beyond vasiform orifice (Martin 1987) |
| Manihot esculenta | Aleurotrachelus socialis | Puparia dark usually black, elliptical, margin dentate, not differentiated at caudal or thoracic marginal openings. Glands present at the base of the marginal teeth giving the appearance of a double row of teeth. Small dorsal patches of tiny spinules, and rather stout eight abdominal setae that are longer than the caudal setae. Vasiform orifice subcircular to subchordate, longer than wide with an exserted lingula or it is obscured by operculum (Martin 2005) |
| Manihot esculenta | Trialeurodes variabilis | Body oval; submarginal papillae in an irregularly spaced single row; dorsal disc pores distad or interspersed among submarginal papillae; subdorsal tubercles absent; lingula head distinctly lobulated; first abdominal and eighth abdominal setae short (KeyLucid Central for Whitefly)3 |
| Matisia cordata | Lecanoideus floccissimus | Submarginal zone without a ring of double-rimmed pores, only with a band of crowded wide-rimmed pores; dorsal disc mesad of compound pores only sparsely punctuated by septate pores (Martin et al. 2000) |
| Passiflora edulis | Aleuronudus melzeri | Cephalic and the three anterior abdominal compound pores subequal in size; 3 posterior abdominal compound pores reduced in size with the 5th posterior abdominal pore offset. Cephalic submedian setae absent. Lingula exerted (Cortez-Madrigal et al. 2008) |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | Bemisia tabaci | Puparia ovoid. Disc dorsal with or without setae. Caudal setae always stout, usually as long as the vasiform orifice whose sides are almost straight. Vasiform orifice triangular, inset from puparial margin by less than its own length. Lingula spatulate (Martin et al. 2000) |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | Trialeurodes vaporariorum | Body oval usually pale yellow; margin crenulations coarser, usually less than 13 occupying 0.1 mm; with a tiny tongue-like structure usually visible protruding beyond apical notch of vasiform orifice. Eight abdominal setae placed anterior to widest part of operculum. Legs lacking spines, only with setae (Martin et al. 2000) |
| Psidium guajava | Aleurodicus dispersus | Puparia relatively large (≥1.00 mm). Compound pores with cephalic pair similar in size to anterior most two abdominal pairs; each pore usually with a central process visible outer submarginal zone with a distinct ring of double-rimmed pores; dorsal disc mesad of compound pores densely punctuated by septate pores (Martin 2004; Martin et al. 2000) |
1
WF infested plant materials were sampled at CIAT headquarters, Palmira, Colombia.
2
Determined by Maria del Pilar Hernandez (CIAT).