Table 3.
DFA results for calf calls
| Call variable | Oral calls | Nasal calls | Oral + Nasal calls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wilks’ lambda | Variable effect | Wilks’ lambda | Variable effect | Wilks’ lambda | Variable effect | |
| durat | 0.632018 | F = 4.440 | 0.668077 | F = 3.323 | 0.674678 | F = 7.715 |
| dur-to-max | 0.839782 | F = 1.455 | 0.776154 | F = 1.929 | 0.886460 | F = 2.049 |
| f0beg | 0.498984 | F = 7.656 | 0.447194 | F = 8.267 | 0.545710 | F = 13.320 |
| f0end | 0.830615 | F = 1.555 | 0.858480 | F = 1.102 | 0.904361 | F = 1.692 |
| f0max | 0.783864 | F = 2.102 | 0.772026 | F = 1.975 | 0.814221 | F = 3.651 |
| f0mean | 0.779072 | F = 2.162 | 0.820857 | F = 1.459 | 0.816577 | F = 3.594 |
| ∆f0 | 0.934081 | F = 0.538 | 0.854374 | F = 1.140 | 0.953091 | F = 0.787 |
| q25 | 0.832533 | F = 1.534 | 0.784757 | F = 1.834 | 0.890603 | F = 1.965 |
| q50 | 0.886230 | F = 0.979 | 0.837572 | F = 1.297 | 0.929386 | F = 1.216 |
| q75 | 0.754355 | F = 2.483 | 0.668245 | F = 3.320 | 0.811584 | F = 3.715 |
| power-f0 | 0.643181 | F = 4.230 | 0.764927 | F = 2.055 | 0.854513 | F = 2.724 |
The Wilks’ Lambda values and variable effects are presented for each acoustic variable included in the three independent DFAs for call assignment to individual in calves on the basis of oral calls, nasal calls, and the pooled sample of oral and nasal calls. The smaller the Wilks’ Lambda value, the greater the contribution of the given call variable to the overall discrimination. For each DFA, the three variables that contributed the most to discrimination are highlighted in bold. Designations as in Table 1.