Table 3.
Mean values of post- v. pre-diet changes in both ratios of total cholesterol (TC):HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C):HDL-C v. doses of ruminant-18 : 1 trans-fatty acids in the diet for the twenty-three experimental groups of subjects
| Study identification | Experimental group* | Total R-18 : 1t (% EI) | Total R-18 : 1t (g/d) | TC:HDL-C change | LDL-C:HDL-C change |
| Wood( 29 ) (1993) | Butter | 2·00 | 5·84 | 0·01 | 0·02 |
| Almendingen( 31 ) (1995) | Butter | 0·50 | 1·33 | 0·16 | 0·35 |
| Aro( 30 ) (1997) | Run-in | 0·80 | 2·29 | 0·14 | 0·04 |
| Run-in | 0·80 | 2·29 | 0·37 | 0·27 | |
| Tholstrup( 24 ) (1998) | Danish milk | 0·12 | 0·44 | 0·10 | 0·09 |
| Milk fat | 1·66 | 6·18 | 0·26 | 0·18 | |
| Lichtenstein( 20 ) (2003) | Butter | 1·00 | 3·1 | 0·57 | 0·43 |
| Butter | 1·00 | 2·35 | 0·28 | 0·36 | |
| Biong( 26 ) (2004) | Cheese | 0·68 | 1·53 | 0·10 | 0·11 |
| Desroches( 28 ) (2005) | Control | 0·25 | 0·83 | − 0·41 | − 0·19 |
| CLA | 1·69 | 5·52 | − 0·02 | 0·08 | |
| Tholstrup( 10 ) (2006) | Control | 0·32 | 1·17 | 0·27 | 0·29 |
| Vaccenic acid | 2·14 | 7·54 | 0·24 | 0·19 | |
| Tricon( 27 ) (2006) | Control | 0·27 | 0·78 | − 0·03 | − 0·03 |
| CLA | 2·10 | 6·34 | 0·18 | 0·09 | |
| Chardigny( 3 ) (2008) | R-TFA | 4·19 | 10·03 | 0·07 | 0·03 |
| R-TFA | 4·19 | 8·82 | 0·10 | 0·07 | |
| Motard-Bélanger( 4 ) (2008) | Moderate | 1·45 | 5·4 | 0·23 | 0·47 |
| High | 3·50 | 13·21 | 0·57 | 0·79 | |
| Malpuech-Brugère( 25 ) (2010) | L0 | 0·61 | 1·42 | 0·05 | 0·05 |
| L4 | 0·87 | 1·98 | − 0·12 | 0·00 | |
| L9 | 2·42 | 5·38 | 0·02 | 0·11 | |
| Lacroix( 11 ) (2012) | R-TFA | 1·40 | 3·54 | 0·31 | 0·30 |
% EI, percentage of energy intake; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; R-TFA, ruminant trans-fatty acid; L0, experimental dairy fat containing 2·9 g R-TFA for 100 g fatty acids; L4, experimental dairy fat containing 4·1 g R-TFA for 100 g fatty acids; L9, experimental dairy fat containing 12·2 g R-TFA for 100 g fatty acids.
*
Experimental group, as named in the original articles.