Table 1.
Current and recent perioperative clinical trial systematic searches for MIBC*
| Search category | Database | Search equation used | Trials selected/reviewed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broad overview of all published abstracts | MEDLINE | (“bladder cancer” OR “urothelial cancer” OR “urothelial cell carcinoma” OR “transitional cell carcinoma”) AND (“bladder resection” OR “radical cystectomy”) AND (“perioperative chemotherapy” OR “adjuvant chemotherapy” OR “neoadjuvant chemotherapy” OR “targeted therapy” OR “biologic” OR “immunotherapy” OR “gene” OR “vaccine” ) | 744 abstracts reviewed^ |
| All registered clinical trials with the NIH | Clinical trials registry | bladder cancer | 25/695# |
| Trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy | MEDLINE | ((neoadjuvant) AND (chemotherapy OR cisplatin OR gemcitabine OR carboplatin OR methotrexate OR vinblastine OR doxorubicin OR adriamycin OR paclitaxel OR ifosfamide OR abraxane)) AND (bladder cancer) AND (radical cystectomy) | 5/187 |
| Trials of adjuvant chemotherapy | MEDLINE | ((adjuvant) AND (chemotherapy OR cisplatin OR gemcitabine OR carboplatin OR methotrexate OR vinblastine OR doxorubicin OR adriamycin OR paclitaxel OR ifosfamide OR abraxane)) AND (bladder cancer) AND (radical cystectomy) | 5/259 |
| Trials of EGFR inhibitors | MEDLINE | (egfr inhibitor OR cetuximab OR erlotinib OR gefitinib OR genistein OR her-2 inhibitor OR lapatinib OR MGAH22 OR panitumumab OR trastuzumab) AND (bladder cancer OR radical cystectomy) | 1/89 |
| Trials of VEGF inhibitors | MEDLINE | (vegf inhibitor OR bevacizumab OR ramucirumab OR trebananib OR ziv aflibercept) AND (bladder cancer OR radical cystectomy) | 0/64 |
| Trials of other Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors | MEDLINE | (tyrosine kinase inhibitor OR dasatinib OR pazopanib OR sorafenib OR sunitinib) AND (bladder cancer OR radical cystectomy) | 1/106 |
| Trials of mTOR inhibitors | MEDLINE | (mTOR inhibitor OR everolimus OR sirolimus OR temsirolimus OR rapamycin) AND (bladder cancer OR radical cystectomy) | 0/84 |
| Trials of immune therapy | MEDLINE | (Immune therapy OR interferon-alpha) AND (bladder cancer OR radical cystectomy) AND (phase) | 1/45 |
| Trials of gene and vaccine therapy | MEDLINE | (vaccine OR gene therapy) AND (bladder cancer OR radical cystectomy) AND (phase) | 1/87 |
NIH = National Institute of Health.
MEDLINE = Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online.
*MEDLINE clinical trial abstracts were only reviewed dating from January 2009 to January 2014. Trials from the Clinical Trials Registry Online and the MEDLINE broad overview of the literature had no date restrictions.
^No trials were individually selected from the MEDLINE broad overview of the literature. Treatment classes and specific drugs were taken from this MEDLINE search and from the trials search of the Clinical Trials Registry to develop the systematic search equations for each individual treatment class.
#This result includes phase III perioperative chemotherapy trials, phase II targeted therapy trials, and clinical trials of all phases for mTOR inhibitors, immune therapy, and gene and vaccine therapy.