Table 2.
Characteristics of women by biochemical confirmation of smoking cessation during pregnancy.
| Saliva cotinine ≤10 ng/mL (n = 397) |
Saliva cotinine >10 ng/mL (n = 44) |
p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported quit status | |||
| Spontaneous quitter | 69.8, 62.2–77.3 (277) | 43.2, 25.4–61.0 (19) | 0.0106 |
| Later quitter | 30.2, 22.7–37.8 (120) | 56.8, 39.0–74.6 (25) | |
| Maternal age (years) | |||
| <20 | 19.1, 15.6–22.5 (74) | 14.0, 0.1–27.8 (6) | 0.7407 |
| 20–29 | 72.4, 68.9–75.9 (281) | 76.7, 61.8–91.7 (33) | |
| ≥30 | 8.5, 5.8–11.2 (33) | 9.3, 0.3–18.3 (4) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married or partnered | 83.7, 80.0–87.4 (329) | 74.4, 56.4–92.4 (32) | 0.3217 |
| Not married | 16.3, 12.6–20.0 (64) | 25.6, 7.6–43.6 (11) | |
| Highest level of education | |||
| Completed primary school or less | 31.0, 24.8–37.1 (122) | 36.4, 23.4–49.3 (16) | 0.0735 |
| Incomplete secondary school | 50.0, 42.3–57.7 (197) | 34.1, 17.7–50.4 (15) | |
| Completed secondary or higher | 19.0, 11.0–27.0 (75) | 29.5, 17.2–41.9 (13) | |
| Work status | |||
| Employed or student | 27.3, 17.9–36.7 (104) | 26.8, 8.2–45.4 (11) | 0.9379 |
| Unemployed | 72.7, 63.3–82.1 (277) | 73.2, 54.5–91.8 (30) | |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 39.7, 33.9–45.5 (148) | 22.5, 9.8–35.2 (9) | 0.0446 |
| ≥1 | 60.3, 54.5–66.1 (225) | 77.5, 64.8–90.2 (31) | |
| Average no. prenatal care visits | 8.2, 7.8–8.6 (386) | 7.5, 6.4–8.6 (42) | 0.1904 |
| Smoking allowed in home | |||
| Yes | 38.9, 30.2–47.5 (154) | 59.1, 47.6–70.6 (26) | 0.0136 |
| No | 61.1, 52.5–69.8 (242) | 40.9, 29.4–52.4 (18) | |
| Partner or other household member smokes | |||
| Yes | 70.4, 66.3–74.4 (273) | 78.6, 60.0–97.1 (33) | 0.3598 |
| No | 29.6, 25.6–33.7 (115) | 21.4, 2.9–40.0 (9) | |
| How often around smokers | |||
| Never | 17.4, 11.3–23.6 (68) | 7.0, 0–15.3 (3) | 0.1042 |
| Rarely | 23.6, 19.9–27.3 (92) | 16.3, 0.8–31.8 (7) | |
| Sometimes | 43.3, 39.1–47.5 (169) | 46.5, 27.4–65.6 (20) | |
| Always | 15.6, 12.5–18.8 (61) | 30.2, 21.2–39.3 (13) | |
| Average no. cigarettes smoked per day before pregnancy | 10.3, 9.5–11.1 (387) | 12.3, 10.1–14.4 (44) | 0.1405 |
| No. cigarettes smoked per day before pregnancy | |||
| <10 | 46.0, 39.4–52.6 (178) | 34.1, 12.0–56.1 (15) | 0.2249 |
| 10–19 | 32.0, 24.0–40.1 (124) | 27.3, 5.5–49.1 (12) | |
| ≥20 | 22.0, 17.7–26.2 (85) | 38.6, 19.1–58.2 (17) | |
| Received provider advice to quit smoking | |||
| Yes | 63.2, 55.8–70.6 (249) | 63.6, 49.4–77.8 (28) | 0.9580 |
| No | 36.8, 29.4–44.2 (145) | 36.4, 22.2–50.6 (16) |
Values are expressed as % or mean, 95% CI and (n).
Sample size varied by each item due to missing values.
*
Wald chi-square test for independence was used to assess differences in characteristics of women who were biochemically confirmed quitters and those who were not confirmed as quitters.