Table 2.
Sociodemographic and Behavioral Characteristics of Infants by Maternal Attachment Classification (N = 41)
| Characteristics | Secure (n = 25) | Insecure/Dismissing (n = 16) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant age (in months), mean ± SDa | 6.7 ± 2.0 | 6.2 ± 1.6 | .37 |
| Infant sex, n (%) | .71 | ||
| Male | 11 (44.0) | 8 (50.0) | |
| Female | 14 (56.0) | 8 (50.0) | |
| Hours of separation from mother per week, n (%)b | .63 | ||
| Less than 20 hours | 12 (57.1) | 6 (66.7) | |
| More than 20 hours | 9 (42.9) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Infant development (Bayley)c | |||
| Cognitive, subtest score, mean ± SD | 17.4 ± 1.4 | 17.4 ± 2.0 | .90 |
| Receptive communication, subtest score, mean ± SD | 14.6 ± 2.3 | 13.6 ± 2.1 | .19 |
| Expressive communication, subtest score, mean ± SD | 13.7 ± 1.7 | 13.5 ± 1.7 | .76 |
| Fine motor, subtest score, mean ± SD | 15.9 ± 2.0 | 15.4 ± 2.1 | .48 |
| Gross motor, subtest score, mean ± SD | 18.0 ± 1.3 | 17.7 ± 1.9 | .51 |
| Infant temperament (IBQ) | |||
| Approach, subscale score, mean ± SD | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 1.7 | .26 |
| Distress to limitations, subscale score, mean ± SD | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | .69 |
| Fear, subscale score, mean ± SD | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | .49 |
| Duration of orienting, subscale score, mean ± SD | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | .66 |
| Smiling/laughter, subscale score, mean ± SD | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | .96 |
| High intensity pleasure, subscale score, mean ± SD | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 6.1 ± 0.5 | .87 |
| Low intensity pleasure, subscale score, mean ± SD | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | .55 |
| Soothability, subscale score, mean ± SD | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | .85 |
| Rate of recovery from distress, subscale score, mean ± SD | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | .98 |
| Cuddliness, subscale score, mean ± SD | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | .43 |
| Perceptual sensitivity, subscale score, mean ± SD | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | .73 |
| Sadness, subscale score, mean ± SD | 3.8 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 0.9 | .95 |
| Activity level, subscale score, mean ± SD | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | .83 |
| Vocal reactivity, subscale score, mean ± SD | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | .76 |
Note. The p values represent those from the t and χ2 tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Bayley = Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, Screening Test; IBQ = Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised.
Infant age at the time of the modified still face procedure (MSFP).
Hours per week that someone other than the mother looked after the infant. Data were missing for 7 participants.
Bayley scores that indicate the likelihood of developmental delays are as follows: ≤ 13 for Cognitive subtest, ≤ 9 for Receptive communication subtest, ≤ 9 for Expressive communication subtest, 10 ≤ for Fine motor subtest, and 12 ≤ for Gross motor subtest.