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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014 Sep 18;7(6):1205–1213. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001666

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Simulated CaMKII hyperphosphorylation inhibits rather than promotes non-equilibrium reactivation of INa. A. Simulated AP clamp of the WT and Tg INa models20, using the first AP with an EAD from the Tg+Iso cell model and showing exaggerated reactivation in the WT model. B. Voltage clamp ramp simulations of the WT and Tg INa models. (a) The slow repolarizing ramp (similar to that used by Clancy et al.) to simulate human repolarization, permits little non-equilibrium reactivation from either INa model. (b) More rapid repolarizations (1 = 4V/s, 2 = 2V/s) without a preceding plateau permits much greater reactivation, although this is blunted in the Tg INa model.