Table 3.
Summary of main studies in which rates and independent risk factors for colistin methanesulfonate sodium-associated nephrotoxicity were reported
| Study and year published | Study design and population | Location | Was nephrotoxicity defined as per RIFLE criteria? | Rate of nephrotoxicity | Independent risk factors for CMS-associated nephrotoxicity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balkan et al., 2014 [10] | Retrospective cohort, 198 patients | Turkey | Yes | 46.1% | Age > 60 years |
| Sorli et al., 2013 [11] | Prospective cohort; 102 patients | Spain | Yes | 49.0% | Trough serum colistin level, Charlson Score and receipt of ≥ 2 concomitant nephrotoxic agents. |
| Dalfino et al., 2012 [12] | Prospective cohort; 28 ICU patients | Italy | No | 17.8% | Receipt of radio-contrast. |
| Gauthier et al., 2012 [13] | Case–control; 370 patients with BMI > 25 kg/m2 | United States | Yes | 48% | BMI ≥ 31.5 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, older age and length of hospital stay. |
| Doshi et al., 2011 [14] | Retrospective cohort; 49 ICU patients | United States | Yes | 31% | Pre-existing chronic kidney disease, systemic hypertension, receipt of radio-contrast and receipt of ≥ 2 concomitant nephrotoxic agents. |
| Pogue et al., 2011 [15] | Retrospective cohort; 126 patients | United States | Yes | 43% | Higher CMS dose, concomitant rifampicin therapy and receipt of ≥ 3 concomitant nephrotoxic agents. |
| Rattanaumpawan et al., 2011 [16] | Retrospective case control; 139 cases | Thailand | No | 52.5% | Older age, longer duration of CMS therapy, higher CMS doses and concomitant vancomycin therapy. |
| Deryke et al., 2010 [17] | Retrospective cohort; 30 patients | United States | Yes | 33% | Dosing based on actual body weight. |
| Kwon et al., 2010 [18] | Retrospective cohort; 71 patients | South Korea | Yes | 53.5% | Male gender, concomitant use of a calcineurin inhibitor, hypoalbuminaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia. |
| Hartzell et al., 2009 [19] | Retrospective cohort; 66 patients | United States | Yes | 45% | Cumulative CMS dose and longer duration of therapy. |
| Kim et al., 2009 [20] | Case–control; 47 cases | South Korea | Yes | 31.9% | Hypoalbuminemia and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
CMS = colistin methanesulfonate; RIFLE = Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage kidney disease; ICU = intensive care unit; BMI = body mass index.