Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Author & years | Age (Mean) | Subjects (n1 + n2) | Outcomes | Patients’ selection | Cancer type | Cancer stage | Intervention type | Therapist | Intervention format |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al. 2000 [39] | 18-67 | 38 + 38 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ③ | Doctor | A |
| Zhao et al. 2000 [153] | 22-67 (52) | 42 + 41 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | - | A + B + C |
| Cai et al. 2001 [144] | 26-70 (50.6) | 116+ 46 | Both (HAMD,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ⑤ | - | A + B |
| Yang et al. 2002 [42] | 28-65 (44.6) | 34 + 30 | Depression (HAMD) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ③ | - | B |
| Guan et al. 2002 [123] | 30-71 | 44 + 44 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑦ | Oncologist | B |
| Li et al. 2002 [76] | 32-71 (51.2) | 61 + 47 | Both (SDS,STAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | Early | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + B + C |
| Lian et al. 2003 [44] | 18-65 (46) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ① + ② + ④ | - | - |
| Wu & Wang 2003 [148] | 30-78 (56) | 63 + 57 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Doctor (training) | A + B + C |
| Zhong et al. 2003 [38] | >16 | 91 + 92 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② | - | - |
| Lou et al. 2003 [101] | 31-72 | 85 + 86 | Depression (DSI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ | Nurse | A + C |
| Xu 2004 [115] | 30-70 (58) | 150 + 100 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ② + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Nurse | A + C |
| Wang 2004 [93] | 36-65 | 30 + 22 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Bu et al. 2005 [155] | >18 (46.5) | 30 + 30 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Digestive tract | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
| Lou et al. 2005 [164] | 24-71 (58) | 75 + 75 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | - | A + C |
| Liu et al. 2006 [143] | 16-77 (51.9) | 58 + 53 | Both (SDS,STAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ⑤ | - | A |
| Cheng et al. 2006 [107] | >16 (65.3) | 15 + 15 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ③ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | - |
| Wang et al. 2006 [75] | >18 (56.1) | 31 + 31 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ④ | Nurse (training)/Oncologist | B |
| Ni et al. 2007 [165] | >18 (55.4) | 169 + 157 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ④ + ⑦ | Doctor | A + C |
| Pang & Wang 2007 [166] | 31-62 (59) | 43 + 42 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + C* |
| Qian & Cai 2007 [50] | 18-65 | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
| Wen & Liang 2007 [69] | 16-40 | 73 + 63 | Both (SDS,STAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
| Kang 2007 [128] | 40-60 | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Advanced | ② + ⑤ | - | A + B |
| Zheng et al. 2007 [109] | 39-86 (58) | 35 + 35 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑤ | Oncologist/Nurse | A + C |
| Deng et al. 2007 [110] | 32-70 (55.3) | 60 + 60 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ | Doctor | A + C |
| Xing 2007 [103] | 43-75 (57.2) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
| Wu et al. 2007 [59] | 18-70 (48.4) | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
| Xu 2007 [88] | 20-70 | 32 + 32 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
| Han & Liu 2007 [151] | 27-76 (59.1) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑤ | Nurse | A + B |
| Huang et al. 2008 [54] | >16 | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ | Nurse | A |
| Zheng et al. 2008 [116] | >18 (58.9) | 38 + 39 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | - | A + C |
| Yang 2008 [79] | >16 | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | A + C |
| Han 2008 [160] | 33-65 (48.1) | 32 + 35 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Jiang et al. 2008 [161] | 28-64 (52) | 52 + 52 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ③ | - | A |
| Li et al. 2008 [163] | 25-78 (53) | 24 + 24 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ⑥ | Nurse | A |
| Wang et al. 2008 [169] | >18 | 40 + 40 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | Early | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | - |
| Ji 2008 [106] | 22-83 (54.2) | 40 + 40 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Doctor/Nurse (training) | A + B + C |
| Jin & Zhu 2008 [122] | 42-65 (59) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
| Li et al. 2008 [99] | 26-73 (43.7) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ② + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Nurse | A + C |
| Liu et al. 2008 [52] | 24-70 (50) | 90 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ④ | - | A + B + C |
| Yang 2008 [136] | 18-70 (49.7) | 31 + 31 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Early | ① + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Clinical psychologist | B |
| Zhou 2008 [100] | 26-57 | 32 + 32 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Blood | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse/Psychologist | - |
| Mao et al. 2008 [113] | >16 (55.3) | 82 + 76 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
| Liu 2008 [132] | 25-72 | 31 + 31 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Gynecology | Advanced | ② + ③ | - | A |
| Zheng et al. 2008 [125] | 18-70 (51.4) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ⑦ | Nurse | A |
| Chen et al. 2009 [156] | >18 | 33 + 32 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Digestive tract | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Psychologist/Nurse (training) | A |
| Li 2009 [89] | 30-60 (46) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ③ + ④ + ⑤ | - | - |
| Li et al. 2009 [78] | 22-84 | 78 + 78 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ① + ② + ④ | Psychologist/Doctor/Nurse | A + B + C |
| Fu et al. 2009 [145] | 26-60 (39.3) | 40 + 38 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Advanced | ⑤ | - | A |
| Qiu 2009 [133] | 30-70 | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ① + ② + ③ | - | A |
| Sun 2009 [134] | >18 (43.4) | 30 + 30 | Both (HASD) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② | - | A |
| Xia 2009 [118] | 24-60 (47) | 28 + 28 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | - |
| Zhang 2009 [139] | 18-70 (55) | 34 + 32 | Depression (SDS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ | - | A |
| Zhou 2009 [140] | 18-55 (45.9) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Breast | Early | ⑤ | - | A |
| Li et al. 2009 [63] | 18-72 (40.5) | 61 + 59 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Psychologist | B |
| Geng et al. 2010 [104] | 23-82 | 124 + 123 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④+ ⑥ | Researcher (training) | A + C |
| Zhan & Cheng 2010 [105] | 18-75 | 35 + 35 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Doctor/Nurse (training) | A + B + C |
| Cheng et al. 2010 [45] | 21-69 (47) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ | Oncologist/Psychologist/Nurse | A + B + C |
| Li et al. 2010 [91] | 41-68 (52.2) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ② + ③ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
| Guan et al. 2010 [81] | 38-70 (44) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Urinary | - | ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | - |
| Li 2010 [111] | 31-72 (49.7) | 57 + 57 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ④ + ⑥ | Doctor/Nurse | A + B + C |
| Zhang 2010 [138] | >18 (49.7) | 47 + 48 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Early | ①+④+⑦ | - | B |
| Su & Wang 2010 [167] | >18 (52.9) | 41 + 46 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Digestive tract | - | ①+②+④+⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + C |
| Fu et al. 2010 [159] | 27-64 (46.5) | 36 + 28 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ②+ ③+ ④+ ⑤+ ⑥ | - | A + C |
| Wu & Zhang 2010 [170] | 30-75 (48) | 40 + 39 | Anxiety (SAI) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | Advanced | ① + ③ + ④ + ⑤ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
| Zhou 2010 [176] | 30-65 | 60 + 60 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
| You et al. 2010 [171] | >18 (48.9) | 33 + 29 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② | Nurse | A |
| Ren et al. 2010 [154] | 33-74 (54.2) | 40 + 37 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ③ + ④ | - | A + B + C |
| Xu 2010 [40] | 27-73 (51) | 47 + 43 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ⑥ | Nurse | A |
| Guo et al. 2010 [71] | 23-82 (45.4) | 45 + 45 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② | Researcher (cognitive therapy training) | A |
| Tang et al. 2010 [126] | >18 (49.8) | 40 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | A + C |
| Liu et al. 2010 [46] | >16 (51.1) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | - |
| Shi et al. 2010 [108] | 21-79 (54) | 20 + 20 | Depression (HAMD) | Selective | Digestive tract | Advanced | ④ + ⑥ | Psychologist | A + B |
| Liu et al. 2010 [87] | >16 (57.5) | 37 + 35 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | Early | ②+④ | Psychologist | A + B + C |
| Wang 2010 [90] | >16 (48.1) | 43 + 43 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
| Huang et al. 2010 [86] | >16 (63.6) | 32 + 28 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑥ | - | - |
| Zhang & Yu 2011 [94] | 21-53 | 60 + 60 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
| Du et al. 2011 [61] | >16 (42.7) | 28 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① | Nurse | A |
| Li et al. 2011 [149] | >18 (47) | 20 + 20 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A |
| Zhou et al. 2011 [180] | 25-65 (45) | 54 + 51 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ⑤ | - | A |
| Liu 2011 [131] | 23-65 | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ①+③+⑤+⑦ | - | A + C |
| Shen et al. 2011 [64] | 39-71 (58.1) | 37 + 38 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ②+⑥ | Nurse | A |
| Zhu et al. 2011 [65] | >60 (74) | 50 + 48 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B |
| Meng et al. 2011 [95] | 34-74 (57) | 46 + 41 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ② + ③ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Nurse | - |
| Dai et al. 2011 [157] | 23-78 (57.9) | 66 + 68 | Anxiety (SAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Oncologist/Psychologist/Nurse/Nutritionist | B |
| Jiao et al. 2011 [162] | 40-66 (55.8) | 34 + 34 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + C |
| Ye 2011 [56] | 24-65 (43.5) | 20 + 20 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ①+③ | - | A |
| Li 2011 [130] | 18-80 | 37 + 32 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | Early | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | A + B + C |
| Liu et al. 2011 [41] | 30-50 | 50 + 50 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ | Medical staff | A + B |
| Wang et al. 2011 [37] | >16 (59.03) | 30 + 31 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ⑤ | Psychologist | B |
| Cao2011 [173] | >18 | 30 + 30 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ③ | Nurse (psychological/music training) | A |
| Zhao & Zhang 2011 [174] | 18-70 | 21 + 20 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Cao & Li 2011 [67] | >16 | 55 + 53 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ③ | - | A + B + C |
| Huang et al. 2011 [152] | 33-71 | 140 + 139 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + B + C |
| Hu & Yan 2011 [62] | 30-52 (45) | 32 + 32 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ④ | Psychologist/Oncologist/Nurse (training) | B |
| Guan & Jin 2011 [120] | 18-75 (66) | 78 + 78 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | A + C |
| Lv et al. 2011 [77] | 25-65 | 38 + 38 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | Early | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | A + B |
| Li et al. 2011 [182] | 25-65 (45) | 54 + 51 | Anxiety (SAI) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ⑤ | - | A |
| Cao & Jiang 2011 [177] | >18 (51.5) | 42 + 42 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
| Huang2011 [102] | >16 (54.23) | 40 + 40 | Depression (HAMD) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
| Zheng et al. 2011 [141] | 21-81 (54) | 102 + 111 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ②+④+⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
| Wu & Dong 2011 [47] | 48-78 (63.3) | 33 + 33 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Selective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ | - | A + C |
| Zheng et al. 2012 [150] | 19-70 (52.6) | 28 + 28 | Depression (SDS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ | Doctor | A + C |
| Wang & Xiao 2012 [124] | >18 (57.5) | 42 + 42 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ⑥ | Psychologist | A |
| Wei 2012 [135] | >18 (48.1) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | A + B |
| Feng 2012 [55] | 35-65 (50.9) | 45 + 45 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ① + ② + ⑦ | - | A |
| Yang et al. 2012 [73] | 48-81 | 20 + 20 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ | Psychologist | A + B + C |
| Zhao et al. 2012 [84] | 18-75 (57.2) | 103 + 102 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ⑦ | Doctor | - |
| Gu 2012 [121] | 47-74 (64.6) | 52 + 48 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | Nurse | A + C |
| Zheng2012 [58] | 45-72 (51.6) | 30 + 30 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Selective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | - |
| Yang2012 [66] | 59-76 (65.4) | 23 + 20 | Depression (SDS) | Selective | Digestive tract | - | ②+④+⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Sun et al. 2012 [60] | 21-78 (49.4) | 89 + 89 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Psychologist/Nurse | A + B + C |
| Liu et al. 2012 [98] | >18 (48.6) | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Digestive tract | - | ③ + ④+ ⑦ | - | A + C |
| Yang et al. 2012 [70] | 20-70 (58.4) | 48 + 40 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ② + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | - |
| Li 2012 [129] | 34-36 (41.7) | 51 + 51 | Both (CES-D,SAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ⑥ | Nurse | A |
| Zhu & Hu 2012 [68] | 23-76 (44.3) | 45 + 46 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ②+④+⑥ | Nurse (training) | A + B + C |
| Liu 2012 [48] | 45-74 (62.3) | 40 + 40 | Depression (HAMD) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Shi et al. 2012 [92] | 21-65 (53.5) | 74 + 74 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | A |
| Jia2012 [127] | 43-77 (55.8) | 35 + 32 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | A + C |
| Zhang 2012 [97] | 34-71 (63.5) | 45 + 45 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ② + ⑥ | - | - |
| Chen 2012 [51] | 18-79 (51) | 43 + 44 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
| Li et al. 2012 [146] | >18 (57.2) | 30 + 30 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ① + ② + ③ + ⑦ | Doctor (training)/Psychologist | A |
| Yang & Wang 2012 [83] | 29-69 | 30 + 30 | Both (HAMD,HAMA) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑤ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
| Jiang et al. 2012 [49] | >16 | 44 + 45 | Depression (SDS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ① + ② + ③ | Nurse | A |
| Fan & Pan 2012 [158] | 30-48 | 19 + 19 | Anxiety (SAS) | Selective | Gynecology | - | ② + ④ + ⑥ + ⑦ | - | A + C |
| Li et al. 2012 [72] | 24.5-70 | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ③ + ④ | Nurse | A + B + C* |
| Han et al. 2012 [85] | 18-91 (74) | 43 + 42 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Doctor/Nurse (training) | A + C |
| Zheng et al. 2012 [175] | 25-69 (46.5) | 30 + 30 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
| Yuan & Wu 2013 [147] | 50-70 (63) | 78 + 78 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ⑥ | - | A + C |
| Zhu et al. 2013 [36] | 43-78 | 25 + 25 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Lung | - | ⑦ | - | - |
| Du 2013 [74] | 24-76 (46.3) | 36 + 36 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ⑥ | Nurse/Community Doctor | A + B + C* |
| Mu et al. 2012 [178] | 32-70 (56.2) | 60 + 60 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Urinary | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + B + C |
| Liu & Gan 2013 [43] | 18-67 (49.3) | 101 + 90 | Both (SDS,STAI) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ⑤ | - | A |
| Zhang 2013 [96] | 32-73 | 72 + 72 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | Advanced | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C |
| Zhang et al. 2013 [142] | 32-72 (54) | 33 + 35 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ④ + ⑦ | Doctor (training) | B |
| Guo et al. 2013 [179] | >18 (47) | 89 + 89 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ②+ ⑦ | Clinician/Nurse/Radiation therapist (training) | B |
| Liu 2013 [119] | 31-65 (53.3) | 45 + 45 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ③ + ⑥ | Nurse | A |
| Zhai et al. 2013 [82] | 47-62 (52) | 39 + 39 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Ci et al. 2013 [117] | 25-65 | 30 + 30 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Liu 2013 [112] | 46-71 (51.4) | 59 + 59 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Selective | Mixed | - | ② + ④ | - | A + C |
| Liu et al. 2013 [57] | 35-76 (53) | 29 + 29 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Bone metastatic | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④+ ⑥ | Nurse | - |
| Qiu et al. 2013 [181] | 31-64 (50.6) | 29 + 25 | Both (HAMD,SAS) | Selective | Breast | Early | ① | Psychiatrist (CBT and group therapy training) | B |
| Mao et al. 2013 [80] | >16 (58.2) | 100 + 100 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Psychologist | A + C |
| Zhang 2013 [114] | 18-70 (46) | 53 + 53 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ② + ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Yu 2013 [137] | >18 | 79 + 41 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Head/neck | - | ③ + ④ + ⑥ | Doctor | A + B + C |
| Wang 2013 [53] | 21-70 (45) | 50 + 50 | Both (SDS,SAS) | Nonselective | Gynecology | - | ① + ②+ ④ | Nurse | A + C |
| Tian et al. 2013 [168] | >18 (61.1) | 98 + 97 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Mixed | - | ② + ④ + ⑤ + ⑥ | Nurse | A + C |
| Yu 2013 [172] | 33-61 (41.9) | 83 + 83 | Anxiety (SAS) | Nonselective | Breast | - | ② + ④ + ⑥ | - | A + C* |
Abbreviations: n1 participants in experimental group, n2 participants in control group, SDS Self-rating Depression Scale, SAS Self-rating Anxiety Scale, HAMD Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMA Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, DSI Depression Screening Instrument, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, SAI State Anxiety Inventory, HASD Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, ① cognitive-behavioral interventions, ② patients education, ③ relaxation/imagery, ④ social/family support, ⑤ music therapy, ⑥ nursing intervention, ⑦ other interventions, A individual, B Group, C Family, C* Couple, − no report.