Table 4.

Electrocardiographic, Echocardiographic, and Invasive Hemodynamic Characteristics Stratified Pheno-Group

Parameter	Group 1 (N=128)	Group 2 (N=120)	Group 3 (N=149)	P-value
Electrocardiography
PR interval, ms	166.6±29.6	174.2±29.8	183.3±53.5	0.007
QRS duration, ms	93.8±21.0	91.3±13.6	112.7±33.3	<0.001
QTc interval, ms	450.6±35.2	449.8±34.0	464.6±48.9	0.005
QRS axis, degrees	10.7±39.0	20.4±38.4	−4.2±60.7	<0.001
QRS-T angle, degrees	42.6±41.7	53.4±44.0	86.6±54.0	<0.001
Echocardiography
LV end-diastolic volume, ml	81.2±23.4	84.2±24.0	84.6±32.3	0.56
LV end-systolic volume, ml	31.6±12.1	33.1±12.1	35.4±19.2	0.12
Relative wall thickness	0.47±0.11	0.49±0.09	0.56±0.20	<0.001
LV mass index, g/m2	89.1±22.6	96.4±26.3	122.0±47.3	<0.001
Left atrial volume index, ml/m2	29.1±11.1	31.5±10.6	40.9±16.7	<0.001
LV ejection fraction, %	61.8±5.6	61.2±6.5	60.0±7.1	0.05
Stroke volume, ml	84.8±22.9	88.6±32.0	80.7±31.3	0.09
Cardiac output, L/min/m2	6.5±2.0	6.6±2.5	5.8±2.6	0.006
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mmHg	35.3±9.7	43.5±14.6	51.2±16.3	<0.001
Right atrial pressure, mmHg	6.0±2.7	6.9±3.5	9.8±4.7	<0.001
E velocity, cm/s	93.2±28.6	103.2±34.5	118.2±40.9	<0.001
A velocity, cm/s	82.8±22.5	93.1±26.3	81.6±38.7	0.01
E/A ratio	1.2±0.5	1.1±0.4	1.7±1.0	<0.001
Tissue Doppler e′ velocity, cm/s	9.3±3.2	7.5±2.1	7.9±3.4	<0.001
E/e′ ratio	11.2±3.7	15.2±6.4	18.6±10.6	<0.001
Diastolic dysfunction grade, n (%)				<0.001
Normal diastolic function	21 (16)	9 (8)	2 (1)
Grade I (mild) diastolic dysfunction	15 (12)	16 (13)	12 (8)
Grade II (moderate) diastolic dysfunction	60 (47)	56 (47)	43 (29)
Grade III (severe) diastolic dysfunction	23 (18)	31 (26)	83 (56)
Indeterminate diastolic function	9 (7)	8 (7)	9 (6)
RV basal diameter, cm	3.6±0.6	3.8±0.5	4.2±0.8	<0.001
RV end-diastolic area index, cm/m2	12.4±2.1	12.7±2.4	16.2±4.7	<0.001
RV end-systolic area index, cm/m2	6.7±1.5	7.2±1.5	9.9±3.4	<0.001
RV wall thickness, cm	0.46±0.03	0.50±0.07	0.56±0.11	<0.001
RV fractional area change	0.46±0.06	0.43±0.05	0.40±0.08	<0.001
TAPSE, cm	2.2±0.6	2.1±0.6	1.7±0.6	<0.001
Invasive hemodynamics (N=216)
Right atrial pressure, mmHg	10.5±4.6	15.3±6.5	14.6±6.8	<0.001
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mmHg	42.4±12.0	55.9±15.4	56.7±19.7	<0.001
Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, mmHg	21.7±6.3	28.2±7.7	26.5±9.1	<0.001
Mean pulmonary artery pressure, mmHg	28.8±7.7	35.9±9.9	36.6±11.7	<0.001
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, mmHg	19.9±6.3	24.6±8.3	23.7±9.7	0.002
Pulmonary vascular resistance, Wood units	1.2±2.5	2.8±4.6	2.3±3.7	0.043
Cardiac output, L/min	6.1±2.1	6.5±2.1	5.8±2.3	0.15

Continuous variables are presented as mean±SD; LV=left ventricular; RV=right ventricular; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion