. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 22.

Published in final edited form as: JACC Heart Fail. 2014 Oct 22;2(6):561–572. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.010

Table 4.

Summary of signaling molecule polymorphism effects by drug or device class, irrespective of races

Drug or class	Polymorphism (effects on response in HF)
Standard β-blockers	GRK5 Gln41Leu (↓ by Leu carriers);¹⁸ADRB2 Gln27Glu (carvedilol ↑ in Glu genotypes)^57,58ACE Del/intron16/Ins (↑ in Del homozygotes)⁴⁷
Bucindolol (β-blocker/sympatholytic)	ADRB1 Arg389Gly (↑in Arg homozygotes,²⁵ ↓ in {389Gly + ADRA2C 322-325Del} genotypes;⁵⁴EDN1 Lys198Asn (gene dose- related ↓ in Asn genotypes);⁴²ECE1 Thr341Ile (↓ in Ile genotypes)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors	ACE Del/intron16/Ins (↑ in Del homozygotes)⁵⁹
Angiotensin AT-1 receptor blockers	↑ biomarker (NT-proBNP) response in AGTR1 1166C genotypes⁶⁰
Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers	No effects reported
Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate	NOS3 Glu298Asp (↑ in Glu homozygotes);³⁰CYP11B2 T-344C (↑ in −344T homozygotes);³²GNB3 825T(↑ in TT homozygotes)²⁸
Cardiac resynchronization therapy	ADRB2 Gln27Glu (↑ in Glu homozygotes);⁶¹NR3C2 Ile180Val(↑ in Ile homozygotes)⁶²
ICD appropriate discharge for VT/VF	SCN5A Ser1103Tyr (↑ events in Tyr carriers)⁴³

HF = heart failure; ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; VF = ventricular fibrillation; VT = ventricular tachycardia.