Table 3.

Mean and standard errors of crossing variables (foot-to-obstacle distances) and its variability (standard deviation)

	Conditions	Trail horizontal distance before obstacle(cm)	Lead toe clearance(cm)	Lead horizontal distance beyond obstacle(cm)	Trail horizontal distance before obstacle variability(cm)	Lead toe clearance variability(cm)	Lead horizontal distance beyond obstacle variability(cm)	Crossing velocity (cm/s)
PD	Obs	30.44(±3.8)	23.86(±2.9)	35.26(±3.3)	3.64(±0.5)	1.96(±0.2)	3.55(±0.4)	440.0(±88.6)
	Obs + DT	30.41(±3.0)	23.23(±2.3)	32.72(±2.8)	4.09(±0.4)	1.92(±0.2)	3.80(±0.4)	381.1(±75.7)
	Limb + Obs	30.65(±3.4)	24.09(±2.5)	35.09(±2.8)	4.39(±0.5)	2.74(±0.3)	3.49(±0.4)	418.7(±86.7)
	Limb + Obs + DT	29.10(±2.7)	22.89(±2.3)	34.13(±2.3)	2.39(±0.5)	1.83(±0.2)	2.25(±0.3)	393.4(±73.9)
	Full vision	28.29(±3.5)	19.06(±2.3)	41.71(±2.7)	4.02(±0.4)	1.65(±0.1)	3.09(±0.4)	605.3(±79.3)
	Full vision + DT	27.29(±3.4)	18.90(±2.3)	39.63(±2.8)	3.69(±0.5)	1.92(±0.3)	3.51(±0.4)	551.4(±75.2)
HC	Obs	29.30(±4.2)	27.45(±3.2)	38.12(±3.6)	3.59(±0.5)	1.91(±0.3)	3.17(±0.5)	550.7(±97.1)
	Obs + DT	29.75(±3.3)	26.14(±2.5)	36.19(±3.0)	3.77(±0.5)	2.25(±0.2)	2.63(±0.5)	556.1(±73.0)
	Limb + Obs	29.74(±3.8)	26.02(±2.7)	37.25(±3.7)	4.07(±0.6)	1.80(±0.3)	4.49(±0.5)	582.5(±95.0)
	Limb + Obs + DT	29.42(±3.0)	25.24(±2.5)	36.75(±2.5)	3.87(±0.6)	2.48(±0.3)	3.28(±0.4)	560.5(±83.0)
	Full vision	27.67(±3.8)	21.59(±2.5)	45.36(±3.0)	3.73(±0.4)	1.68(±0.2)	3.65(±0.5)	747.6(±86.9)
	Full vision + DT	26.53(±3.8)	20.33(±2.6)	42.49(±3.1)	3.40(±0.6)	2.25(±0.3)	3.12(±0.5)	664.7(±82.4)
Effects	Group	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	P = 0.02
	Vision	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	NS	NS	NS	P < 0.001
	Task	NS	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	NS	NS	NS	P = 0.01
	Group x vision	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	Group x Task	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	Vision x Task	NS	P < 0.001	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	Group x vision x task	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS