Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Items of intraoperative and postoperative complications
| Nerve root damage |
| Spinal cord damage |
| Cauda equina damage |
| Dural tear |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage |
| Wrong level |
| Implant failure |
| Implant dislodgment |
| Vascular injury |
| Deep wound infection |
| Epidural hematoma |
| Pulmonary embolism/thromboembolism |
| Mental disorder |
| Hemothorax/pneumothorax |
| Circulatory disease |
| Cerebral disease |
| Digestive disease/liver disease |
| Anesthesiological |
| Respiratory disease |
| Urinary disease |
| Death |
| Others |
