Table 2.
Diagnosis and incidence
| Category | Subcategory | No. of cases incidence (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 2001 | 1994 | ||
| Degenerative disease | Disc herniation | 7,964 (23.0) | 4,385 (27.1) | – (38.5) |
| Spondylolysis, isthmic spondylolisthesis | 556 (1.6) | 371 (2.3) | – (3.7) | |
| Degenerative spondylolisthesis | 3,214 (9.3) | 1,423 (8.8) | – (6.4) | |
| Stenosis | 14,001 (40.5) | 5,021 (31.1) | – (24.5) | |
| Ossification of ligaments | 1,434 (4.2) | 857 (5.3) | – (5.6) | |
| Others | 388 (1.1) | 580 (3.6) | – | |
| Tumor | Primary benign spinal tumor | 674 (1.9) | 147 (0.9) | – (0.8) |
| Primary malignant spinal tumor | 82 (0.2) | |||
| Metastatic spinal tumor | 389 (1.1) | 320 (2.0) | – (2.1) | |
| Intramedullary tumor | 75 (0.2) | 61 (0.4) | – (3.1) | |
| Intradural extramedullary tumor | 471 (1.3) | 323 (2.0) | ||
| Extradural tumor | 240 (0.7) | 117 (0.7) | ||
| Cauda equina tumor | – | 83 (0.5) | ||
| Trauma | 1,014 (2.9) | 905 (5.6) | – (4.8) | |
| Osteoporotic vertebral collapse | 813 (2.3) | 186 (1.2) | – | |
| Inflammation | Pyogenic infection | 521 (1.5) | 292 (1.8) | – (1.0) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 240 (0.7) | 264 (1.6) | – (1.4) | |
| Tuberculous infection | 55 (0.2) | 69 (0.4) | – (0.5) | |
| Fungal infection | 6 (0.0) | – | – | |
| Seronegative arthritis without AS | 5 (0.0) | – | – | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) | 11 (0.0) | – | – | |
| Dialysis | 101 (0.3) | – | – | |
| Others | 48 (0.2) | 39 (2.4) | – | |
| Spinal deformity | Scoliosis | 1,485 (4.3) | 327 (2.0) | – (1.8) |
| Kyphosis | 537 (1.6) | 60 (0.3) | – (0.3) | |
| Combined | 169 (0.5) | – | – | |
| Others | 120 (0.4) | – | – | |
| Metabolic bone disease | – | 9 (0.1) | – (0.1) | |
| General affection of bone | – | 22 (0.1) | – (0.1) | |
| Others | – | 296 (1.9) | – (5.0) | |