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. 2014 Dec 5;20(1):38–54. doi: 10.1007/s00776-014-0656-6

Table 22.

Relationship between the incidence of representative complication and the surgical technology used for patients with lumbar disc herniation at L4/5 level

Representative complications No. of cases incidence (%)
Conventional (1,352 cases) Endoscopic (1,002 cases) Microscopic (1,044 cases) Percutaneus (17 cases)
Nerve root damage 12 (0.9) 2 (0.2) 3 (0.3) 0 (0.0)
Cauda equina damage 3 (0.2) 2 (0.2) 2 (0.2) 0 (0.0)
Dural tear 37 (2.7) 23 (2.3) 25 (2.4) 0 (0.0)
Epidural hematoma 12 (0.9) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.5) 0 (0.0)
Deep wound infection 9 (0.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.1) 0 (0.0)