Table 8.
Intraoperative and postoperative complications
| Disease | Incidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative and postoperative complications | |||
| 2011 | 2001 (%) | 1994 (%) | |
| Disc herniation | 5.6 % (447/7,964) | 5.0 | 4.2 |
| Lumbar spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolysis | 13.1 % (73/556) | 10.0 | 11.5 |
| Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis | 10.7 % (345/3,214) | 8.9 | 12.2 |
| Stenosis | 10.8 % (1513/14,001) | 7.7 | 6.6 |
| Ossification of ligament | 15.0 % (215/1,434) | 13.4 | 11.0 |
| Tumor | |||
| Primary benign | 15.3 % (103/674) | 12.2–12.9 | 22.0 |
| Primary malignant | 22.0 % (18/82) | ||
| Metastatic | 18.3 % (71/389) | ||
| Intramedullary | 29.3 % (22/75) | 6.0–18.0 | 12.3 |
| Intradural extramedullary | 16.1 % (76/471) | ||
| Epidural | 12.9 % (31/240) | ||
| Osteoporotic vertebral collapse | 20.9 % (170/813) | 19.4 | |
| Inflammation | |||
| Pyogenic | 13.8 % (72/521) | 14.4–15.9 | 13.9 |
| RA | 17.9 % (43/240) | 19.3 | |
| Tuberculous | 18.2 % (10/55) | 19.2 | |
| Fungal | 0.0 % (0/6) | – | |
| Seronegative arthritisa | 60.0 % (3/5) | – | |
| AS | 45.5 % (5/11) | – | |
| Dialysis | 20.8 % (21/101) | – | |
| Others | 8.3 % (4/48) | – | |
| Spinal deformity | |||
| Scoliosis | 16.5 % (245/1,485) | 15.6–16.7 | 15.7 |
| Kyphosis | 25.3 % (136/537) | 31.0 | |
| Combined | 20.7 % (35/169) | – | |
| Others | 8.3 % (10/120) | – | |
OPLL ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, OLF ossification of ligamentum flavum, RA rheumatoid arthritis, AS ankylosing spondylitis
aExcluding AS