Figure 3. Frontal-right anterior thalamic nucleus (RATN) cross-frequency coupling (CFC).
(A) Successful encoding. (B) Unsuccessful encoding. (C) Paired T-tests: Successful minus unsuccessful encoding.
Figure 3—figure supplement 1. Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) within right anterior thalamic nucleus (RATN) and within frontal neocortex.
(A) Successful encoding: within-RATN coupling. (B) Unsuccessful encoding: within-RATN coupling over wider gamma range. (C) Successful minus unsuccessful encoding: paired TT-tests (TT): T = 3.6, p = 0.0086 (uncorrected p values), on which a cluster-size permutation test (CSPT) was performed (CSPT: p = 0.045; observed contiguous cluster 15 pixels; criterial cluster 14 pixels for overall p = 0.05). Note: the blue portion of the scale indicates significantly greater coupling during unsuccessful than successful encoding at higher gamma frequencies. (D) Successful encoding: greater within-frontal lower-frequency-theta to gamma coupling (trough-to-peak); higher-frequency-theta to gamma coupling (peak to peak). (E) Unsuccessful encoding: higher-frequency-theta to gamma coupling (peak-to-peak). (F) Successful minus unsuccessful encoding: TT: T = 3.6, p = 0.0087 (uncorrected p values), on which CSPT was performed (CSPT: p = 0.017; observed contiguous cluster 19 pixels; criterial cluster 11 pixels for overall p = 0.05). Note: the red portion of the scale indicates significantly greater coupling during successful than unsuccessful encoding.
Figure 3—figure supplement 2. Cross frequency coupling (CFC) during successful encoding in Participant 7.
All epochs are aligned to the first theta trough in the 0.5–1.5 s window, rendering time arbitrary, because the first theta trough in the window occurred at a different time point for each epoch. The power time series of each epoch was normalized to allow inter-frequency comparison. (A and B) Right anterior thalamic nucleus (RATN) gamma power. (C) Frontal theta troughs coupled with RATN gamma peaks. (D) RATN theta peaks coupled with RATN gamma peaks.
Figure 3—figure supplement 3. Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) with differing frontal cortical sites.
The mean difference between fronto-RATN theta-gamma CFC during successful minus during unsuccessful encoding across participants. (A) Across the six participants with electrodes at Fpz. (B) Across the two participants with electrodes at AFz and Fz.