Table 1.
Characteristics of patients who underwent ECMO bridge to lung transplant and were enrolled in the selected studies
| Author, year | Patients, number | Age, years | Sex male, n (%) | Diagnosis | Ventilation strategy | Bridge time, days | Severity score pre-bridge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mason, 2010 [11] | 51 | 39 ± 22 | 25 (49%) | PF 27%; COPD 19%; CF 12%; PH 9.8%; sarcoidosis 2%; other 20% | na | na | LAS 54 ± 21 |
| Bermudez, 2011 [34] | 17 | 40 ± 14 | 7 (41%) | PF 35%; Re-LTx 35%; CF 23%; COPD 6% | MV | 3.2 (0 to 49) | na |
| Hammainen, 2011 [38] | 16 | 41 ± 8a | 7 (58%)a | PF 37%a; PH 15%a; CF 8%a; ARDS 8%a; IP 8%a; PVOD 8%a; BOS 8%a; PGD 8%a | na | 12 (1 to 59) | na |
| Shafii, 2012 [41] | 19 | 44 (23 to 60) | 10 (53%) | IP 68%; CF 16%; PH 16% | MV 13 | 6 ± 5 | LAS 87 (64 to 95) |
| Nosotti, 2012 | 11 | 34 ± 13 | 5 (45%) | na | Awake 7 MV 4 | 12.1 ± 14.7 | SOFA 4.9 ± 1.4 |
| Javidfar, 2012 [20] | 18 | 34 (22 to 50) | 8 (45%) | CF 44%; PF 33%; PH 11%; Other 11% | Awake 6 | 11.5 (6 to 18) | LAS 93 (90 to 94) |
| George, 2012 [10] | 122 | 48 ± 16 | 74 (60%) | PF 29.5%; CF 11.5%; COPD 10.7%; PH 2.5%; other 45,8% | na | na | LAS 73.9 ± 21.4 |
| Fuehner, 2012 [26] | 26 | 44 (23 to 62) | 21 (81%) | PF 35%; PH 27%; CF 19%; BOS 12%; sarcoidosis 4% | Awake 19 MV 7 | 9 (1 to 45) | SOFA 7 (6 to 12) |
| Hoopes, 2013 [32] | 31 | 45 ± 15 | 21 (67%) | PF 29%; CF 23%; ILD 13%; ARDS 10%; PVOD 10%; PH 6%; BOS 3%; IP 3%; CWP 3% | Ambulatory 18 13 VM | 11 (2 to 53) | LAS >50 |
| Anile, 2013 [36] | 12 | na | na | CF 92%; histiocytosis 8% | Awake 2 MV 10 | 6 ± 2.1 | na |
| Toyoda, 2013 [33] | 31 | 46 ± 15a | 10 (42%)a | PF 33%a; CF 21%a; Re-LTx 13%a; scleroderma 13%a; bronchiectasis 8%a; COPD 4%a; sarcoidosis 4%a; PH 4%a | MVa | 7.1 ± 10 | LAS 87 ± 9a |
| Weig, 2013 [39] | 26 | 36 (30 to 51)a | 14 (54%) | PF 62%; CF 23%; COPD 4%; Re-LTx 4%; Lung cancer 4%; sarcoidosis 4% | na | 16 (8.8 to 25)a | SOFA 9 (8.5 to 10.5)a |
| Crotti, 2013 [35] | 25 | 41 ± 12 | na | PF 52%; CF 16%; PH 16%; Re-LTx 12%; ARDS 4% | Awake 10 MV 15 | 5.8 ± 4.5 versus 29.8 ± 11.5b | SOFA 5.6 ± 1.9 |
| Lafarge, 2013 [40] | 36 | 31 (22 to 48) | 19 (53%) | CF 56%; PF 30%; other 14% | MV | 3.5 (2 to 7) | na |
Data presented in this table refer to patients underwent ECMO support with the intention to bridge to lung transplantation. aTransplanted patients (when data for all enrolled patients are not available; Hammainen et al., all data; Toyoda, all data; Weig et al., age, ECMO bridge time and SOFA; Anile, diagnosis). ECMO bridge time (days) and the pre-bridge severity score are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median and range. When no descriptive cumulative data for the overall population are provided, they are calculated from raw data presented in the original papers. bData refer to patients divided according to waiting time on ECMO: up to 14 days or longer. Pts, patients; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; PF, pulmonary fibrosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CF, cystic fibrosis; PH, Pulmonary hypertension; Re-LTx, Re-lung transplantation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; IP, interstitial pneumonia; PVOD, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease; BOS, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; PGD, primary graft dysfunction; ILD, interstitial lung disease; CWP, coal workers pneumoconiosis; MV, mechanical ventilation; LAS, lung allocation score; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; na, not available.