Table 2.

Selected ongoing clinical trials using immunotherapeutic approaches.

Group	Intervention	Main Targets Cells and/or Mechanisms	Study Phase	Study Population	Title	Trial ID No.
Antibodies	Anti PD-L1 Ab BMS-936559	Myeloid cells	Phase I	HIV-infected patients on Suppressive cART	Safety and immune response of BMS-936559 in HIV-infected people	NCT02028403
	UB-421 antibody	Monocytes and T-lymphocytes	Phase II	Asymptomatic, treatment-naive, HIV seropositive Patients, aged 18 +	Study to evaluate safety and efficacy of UB-421 antibody	NCT01668043
Immuno-metabolic agents	Atorvastatin	Monocytes	Phase IV Pilot Study	HIV patients, n~15, aged 18 +	Modulation of monocyte activation by atorvastatin in HIV infection	NCT01263938
	vitamin D and phenylbutyrate	Myeloid Cells	Phase II	Treatment-naive HIV-infected patients, aged 18 to 75 years	Immunotherapy to induce important antimicrobial defence mechanisms and decreased inflammation.	NCT01702974
DC based vaccines	Arcelis™ AGS-004	Immunogenicity	Phase I/II	acute and chronic HIV patients suppressed on ART	Study to Evaluate the Immunologic Response and Virologic Impact of AGS-004	NCT02042248
Inflammatory and other molecules	Chloroquin	Autophagy inhibitor	Phase III	HIV-infected patients on ART, aged 18+, Undetectable viral load	Daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or weekly chloroquine among adults on ART in Blantyre, Malawi	NCT01650558
	Probiotics	Microbial translocation & immune reconstitution	Phase II	Patients with chronic HIV infection and undetectable viral load	Treatment with probiotics and its role in bacterial translocation and immune reconstitution in HIV infection.	NCT01908049
	Aspirin	Immune activation	Phase II	HIV-infected  patients on continuous ART for 48+ weeks	Modulation of immune activation by aspirin	NCT02155985

Source: www.ClinicalTrials.gov (accessed on August 18, 2014).