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. 2014 Dec 30;14:389. doi: 10.1186/s12870-014-0389-x

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© Dauphinee et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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NPCD cells after 10 min heat shock treatments. (A) Cells at 0 h after 45°C treatment. (B) Cells at 6 h after 45°C treatment. Note that tonoplast and PM appears intact. (C) Cells at 0 h after 55°C treatment. Anthocyanin disappearance is evident. (D) Cells at 6 h after 55°C heat shock treatment. Vesicle formation appears throughout cells. (E) NPCD cells before 65°C treatment. (F) NPCD cells after 65°C treatment with disapearance of anthocyanin from the central vacuole. Cellular debris at the periphery of the cells had taken has a textured appearance. (A-D) N– nucleus, C– chloroplast, Va– vacuole, Ve– vesicle, white arrow– tonoplast, black arrow– PM. Scale bars: A-D = 15 μm.