Table 2.

The difference between the mean volume of neuronal cytoplasm in autistic and control cohorts

Brain structure	4- to 8-year-old subjects		11- to 23-year-old subjects		29- to 64-year-old subjects
	Control	Autism	Control	Autism	Control	Autism
	Mean ± SD (100%)	Mean ± SD (%)	Mean ± SD (100%)	Mean ± SD (%)	Mean (SD) (100%)	Mean ± SD (%)
Nucleus accumbens	900 ± 108	615 ± 122 -32%	864 ± 113	808 ± 46 -6%	758 ± 113	849 ± 242 + 12%
Purkinje cells	11,060 ± 466	7,653 ± 2,176 -31%	10,899 ± 1,261	9,222 ± 358 -15%	10,275 ± 1,434	7,735 ± 860 -25%
Claustrum	1,599 ± 167	1,173 ± 230 -27%	1,589 ± 75	1,358 ± 129 -15%	1,518 ± 180	1,415 ± 124 -7%
Thalamus	3,057 ± 220	2,311 ± 225 -24%	2,696 ± 255	2,617 ± 283 -3%	2,768 ± 214	2,954 ± 218 + 7%
Globus pallidus	5,011 ± 190	3,999 ± 336 -20%	4,061 ± 864	3,875 ± 660 -5%	4,523 ± 935	4,441 ± 1,008 -2%
Dentate nucleus	7,734 ± 974	5,913 ± 1,168 -23%	7,883 ± 751	6,617 ± 951 -16%	7,335 ± 516	6,505 ± 2,047 -11%
Entorhinal cortex	1,862 ± 167	1,434 ± 178 -23%	1,948 ± 135	1,597 ± 186 -18%	1,969 ± 102	1,980 ± 432 + 1%
Amygdala	2,427 ± 125	1,878 ± 287 -23%	2,386 ± 56	2,153 ± 282 -10%	2,398 ± 256	2,054 ± 413 -14%
Magnocellular basal complex	7,728 + 475	6,076 ± 302 -21%	7,639 ± 750	7,489 ± 556 -2%	7,867 ± 1,087	7,563 ± 1,028 -4%
Putamen	1,071 ± 105	914 ± 92 -15%	820 ± 163	758 ± 125 -8%	679 ± 98	770 ± 165 + 13%
Caudate nucleus	943 ± 106	754 ± 93 -20%	988 ± 148	958 ± 103 -3%	874 ± 160	983 ± 165 + 12%
Inferior olive	3,852 ± 1,428	3,325 ± 352 -14%	3,136 ± 677	3,619 ± 575 + 15%	3,409 ± 616	3,668 ± 72 + 8%
Magnocellular LGN	4,786 ± 266	4,261 ± 665 -11%	5,010 ± 87	4,855 ± 695 -3%	5,119 ± 655	5,230 ± 473 + 2%
Parvocellular LGN	2,337 ± 280	2,249 ± 316 -4%	2,563 ± 156	2,260 ± 378 -12%	2,547 ± 356	2,614 ± 445 + 3%
Substantia nigra	8,193 ± 1,344	7,847 ± 615 -4%	8,147 ± 487	8,271 ± 730 + 1%	8,679 ± 2,270	10,416 ± 1,146 + 20%
Ammon’s horn	2,712 ± 152	2,444 + 494 -10%	2,972 ± 221	2,515 ± 297 -3%	2,892 ± 452	2,752 ± 718 -5%

Mean cytoplasm volume ± SD; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus.