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. 2015 Jan 14;12:5. doi: 10.1186/s12974-014-0228-x

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© Viceconte et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Induction of proinflammatory factors after 24 h of exposure to neuromelanin. mRNA expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR 24 h after the start of the experiments. (A) TNF-α. (B) IL-1β. (C) IL-6. (D) iNOS. Results are mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments, and are expressed as percentage of control values. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA followed by the least significant difference post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. α = 0.05 was used. *, compared with control value, P < 0.01; a, compared with the same treatment without the inhibitor IETD-fmk, P < 0.01. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NM, neuromelanin.