Table 1.
Socio-demographic parameters, health-related behaviors, co-morbidities, and regional rheumatic pain disorders among diabetic patients and non-diabetic individuals (N=202)
| Feature | DM patients (n=100) |
Non- diabetics (n=102) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic-demographic | |||
| Gender, % female | 64.0 | 64.7 | 0.917 |
| Age at study visit, mean (SD) years | 53.3 (12.9) | 50.0 (13.1) | 0.069 |
| Education, mean (SD) years | 9.7 (3.9) | 12.2 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Married, % | 65.0 | 61.4 | 0.595 |
| Income<US$10,000, % | 39.0 | 25.5 | 0.040 |
| Health-related behaviors, % | |||
| Smoking | 13.0 | 7.8 | 0.256 |
| Alcohol abuse | 1.0 | 3.9 | 0.369 |
| Exercise | 30.0 | 28.4 | 0.806 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 32.3 (7.3) | 28.1 (5.0) | <0.001 |
| Comorbid conditions, % | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.0 | 0.0 | – |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.244 |
| Hypothyroidism | 22.0 | 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.999 |
| Gouty arthritis | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.999 |
| Osteoarthritis | 49.0 | 26.5 | 0.001 |
| Chronic back pain | 41.0 | 35.3 | 0.404 |
| Fibromyalgia | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.117 |
| Dyslipidemia | 62.0 | 18.6 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 68.0 | 25.5 | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 29.0 | 5.9 | <0.001 |
| Obstructive pulmonary disease | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.167 |
| Major depression | 25.0 | 15.7 | 0.100 |
| Anxiety disorder | 16.0 | 6.9 | 0.041 |
| Malignancy | 8.0 | 5.9 | 0.554 |
| Bursitis/tendonitis (overall), % | 59.0 | 29.4 | <0.001 |
| Flexor tenosynovitis | 17.0 | 3.9 | 0.002 |
| De Quervain’s tenosynovitis | 8.0 | 1.0 | 0.018 |
| Lateral epicondylitis | 20.0 | 3.9 | <0.001 |
| Medial epicondylitis | 16.0 | 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Olecranon bursitis | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.244 |
| Rotator cuff tendonitis | 10.0 | 7.8 | 0.591 |
| Bicipital tendonitis | 9.0 | 2.9 | 0.069 |
| Trochanteric bursitis | 25.0 | 12.8 | 0.026 |
| Pre-patellar bursitis | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.119 |
| Anserine bursitis | 38.0 | 16.7 | 0.001 |
DM diabetes mellitus, SD standard deviation