Table 2.
Multinomial Logistic Regression Results for Reporting a Little Difficulty Going Outa, National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011) N = 6,578
| Model A | Model B | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | OR | 95% CI | Estimate | OR | 95% CI | |
| Intercept | −1.45*** | −1.47*** | ||||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Male (ref) | ||||||
| Female | −0.06 | 0.94 | 0.75, 1.19 | −0.05 | 0.95 | 0.75, 1.20 |
| Age 65–74 (ref) | ||||||
| Age 74–84 | −0.21 | 0.81 | 0.63, 1.05 | −0.21 | 0.81 | 0.63, 1.05 |
| Age 85+ | −0.21 | 0.81 | 0.59, 1.12 | −0.21 | 0.81 | 0.59, 1.12 |
| White (ref) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | −0.05 | 0.95 | 0.73, 1.24 | −0.05 | 0.95 | 0.73, 1.24 |
| Hispanic | 0.21 | 1.23 | 0.81, 1.89 | 0.21 | 1.23 | 0.80, 1.88 |
| Other race/ethnicity | 0.11 | 1.11 | 0.61, 2.05 | 0.11 | 1.11 | 0.61, 2.05 |
| College degree (ref) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 0.10 | 1.10 | 0.80, 1.52 | 0.11 | 1.11 | 0.81, 1.53 |
| High school diploma | −0.06 | 0.94 | 0.70, 1.25 | −0.05 | 0.95 | 0.71, 1.27 |
| Married (ref) | ||||||
| Separated/divorce | 0.10 | 1.10 | 0.77, 1.59 | 0.09 | 1.10 | 0.76, 1.58 |
| Widowed | 0.34** | 1.40 | 1.08, 1.82 | 0.33* | 1.40 | 1.08, 1.82 |
| Never married | 0.54* | 1.72 | 1.05, 2.82 | 0.52* | 1.68 | 1.03, 2.77 |
| Health and functional capacity | ||||||
| Physical capacity (SPPB) | −0.27*** | 0.76 | 0.73, 0.79 | −0.27*** | 0.76 | 0.73, 0.79 |
| Number of chronic health problems | 0.21*** | 1.24 | 1.15, 1.33 | 0.21*** | 1.24 | 1.15, 1.33 |
| Housing/residence | ||||||
| Single unit (ref) | ||||||
| Multi-unit structure | −0.17 | 0.84 | 0.61, 1.16 | −0.18 | 0.84 | 0.61, 1.15 |
| Length of time in current residence (decades) | 0.05 | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.11 | 0.05 | 1.05 | 0.099, 1.11 |
| Neighborhood disorder | −0.38 | 0.68 | 0.44, 1.04 | −0.38 | 0.68 | 0.44, 1.04 |
| Environmental factors | ||||||
| Uses no mobility device (ref) | ||||||
| Cane | 0.66*** | 1.93 | 1.45, 2.58 | 0.37 | 1.45 | 0.79, 2.61 |
| Walker | 0.46* | 1.58 | 1.06, 2.35 | 0.48 | 1.62 | 0.86, 3.03 |
| Wheelchair/scooter | 0.11 | 1.12 | 0.52, 2.39 | 0.90 | 2.46 | 0.79, 7.66 |
| Stairs at entryway | 0.11 | 1.12 | 0.86, 1.44 | 0.10 | 1.11 | 0.02, 1.48 |
| Ramp at entryway | 0.08 | 1.08 | 0.78, 1.50 | 0.16 | 1.17 | 0.79, 1.74 |
| Wheelchair × ramp at entryway | −0.70 | 0.50 | 0.11, 2.25 | |||
| Cane × ramp at entryway | −0.17 | 0.84 | 0.36, 2.00 | |||
| Walker × ramp at entryway | −0.11 | 0.90 | 0.37, 2.16 | |||
| Wheelchair × stairs at entryway | −1.81 | 0.16 | 0.02, 1.53 | |||
| Cane × stairs at entryway | 0.41 | 1.51 | 0.79, 2.88 | |||
| Walker × stairs at entryway | 0.04 | 1.04 | 0.48, 2.28 | |||
Notes. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; SPPB = short physical performance battery.
aReference is no difficulty going out.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001 (two-tailed tests; bold font indicates significant effects).