Table 3.
Eleven Items Selected From the Original 20-Item CES-D Scale (Radloff, 1977)
| Scale item | Original | EPESE Iowa; HRS Wave 1; NSHAP Waves 1 and 2 |
|---|---|---|
| I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me | • | |
| I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor | • | • |
| I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends | • | |
| I felt that I was just as good as other people | • | |
| I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing | • | |
| I felt depressed | • | • |
| I felt that everything I did was an effort | • | • |
| I felt hopeful about the future | • | |
| I thought my life had been a failure | • | |
| I felt fearful | • | |
| My sleep was restless | • | • |
| I was happy | • | • |
| I talked less than usual | • | |
| I felt lonely | • | • |
| People were unfriendly | • | • |
| I enjoyed life | • | • |
| I had crying spells | • | |
| I felt sad | • | • |
| I felt that people disliked me | • | • |
| I could not get “going” | • | • |
Notes. CES-D = Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; EPESE = Established Populations for Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly; HRS = Health and Retirement Study; NSHAP = National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project.