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. 2014 Oct 30;16:462. doi: 10.1186/s13058-014-0462-2

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© Wang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor C-knockdown decreases the aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive tumor-initiating cell population. (A) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) mRNA in bulk tumors or tumorspheres formed from cells of primary breast tumors. Gene expression levels were obtained from public microarray data sets [31]. (B) Expression of VEGF-C in attached parental cells or tumorspheres formed by growing 66 cl4 cells in serum-free suspension conditions. Pictures of attached cells and tumorspheres are shown. (C) Representative flow cytometric data in an ALDEFLUOR assay. Diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which was used as a gating control. (D) Quantification of the ALDH-positive population in scramble control (scr) and VEGF-C KD lines from 66 cl4 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Data were combined from three independent experiments using one scramble KD and two VEGF-C KD (KD 1 and 2) cell lines for both 66 cl4 and MDA-MB-231 cells.