Table 1. Baseline characteristics of HIV-infected children and HIV-uninfected siblings.
| HIV-infected cases | HIV-uninfected siblings | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 122) | (n = 122) | ||
| n (%) or median [IQR] | n (%) or median [IQR] | ||
| Age (years) | 8 [4–11] | 8 [5–10] | 0.80 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 59 (48.4) | 67 (54.9) | 0.31 |
| Female | 63 (51.6) | 55 (45.1) | |
| Symptoms | |||
| Rash | 12 (9.8) | 6 (4.9) | 0.14 |
| Oral Sore | 2 (1.6) | 1 (0.8) | 0.56 |
| Diarrhea | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | 1.0 |
| Cough | 26 (21.3) | 12 (9.8) | 0.01 |
| Edema | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | - |
| Past Medical History | |||
| Tuberculosis | 10 (8.2) | 1 (0.8) | 0.005 |
| Herpes Zoster | 3 (2.5) | 0 (-) | 0.08 |
| Recurrent Pneumonia | 11 (9.0) | 3 (2.5) | 0.03 |
| Oral Thrush | 9 (7.4) | 4 (3.3) | 15 |
| Papular Pruritic Eruptions | 12 (9.8) | 2 (1.6) | 0.01 |
| Known Kidney Disease | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | - |
| Co-trimoxazole Use | 58 (52.3) | NA | - |
| Physical Examination | |||
| Pallor | 10 (8.2) | 2 (1.6) | 0.02 |
| Thrush | 4 (3.3) | 0 (-) | 0.04 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 23 (18.9) | 3 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| CD4 Count (cells/uL) | 521.5 [302–828] | NA | - |
| Malnutrition | |||
| BMI-for-age Z-scores | -0.17 [-1.01–1.26] | 0.17 [-0.67–0.99] | 0.67 |
| Severe malnutrition* | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.6) | 0.57 |
| WHO Clinical Staging | |||
| 1 | 3 (2.5) | NA | - |
| 2 | 39 (32.2) | NA | - |
| 3 | 67 (55.4) | NA | - |
| 4 | 12 (9.9) | NA | - |
| Random Blood Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.8 [4.9–6.7] | 6 [5.2–6.8] | 0.61 |
*Severe malnutrition has been defined as a BMI-for-age Z score ≤-3.