Figure 5.
ZG16 expression increased significantly on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into clinically relevant cell derivatives. (A): HORMAD1 expression in hESC and hiPSC derivatives was very low and heterogeneous (top). ZG16 expression analysis resulted in a significant increase across all four lines on differentiation (bottom). ∗, p < .05 for HORMAD1 expression for fibroblast-2 line compared with all other PSC derivatives. ∗∗, p < .05 for human fetal OPCs compared with other OPCs derived from all lines. ∗∗∗, p < .05 for each PSC line undifferentiated compared with differentiated. Error bars represent ±SD. The y-axis is a logarithmic scale, with display units of 100. All polymerase chain reactions were run in triplicate. (B): Gene expression analysis for ZG16 was assessed in hiPSC1- and hiPSC3-derived hepatocytes. The significant increase in ZG16 expression seen during hepatocyte differentiation from control iPSCs is reproducible across both iPS1 and iPS3 lines. A, B, and C listed in the cell line annotations indicate the duplicate differentiation protocol across three replicates. ∗, p < .05 for iPS1-A, -B, and -C differentiated replicates compared with iPS3-A, -B, and -C differentiated replicates; ∗∗, p < .05 for iPS3-D compared with iPS3-A, -B, and -C differentiated replicates; and ∗∗∗, p < .05 for iPS3-A–D compared with iPS3-B–D. ZG16 y-values are in units of hundreds. Error bars represent ±SD. Abbreviations: Card., cardiomyocytes; Card.-A, adult cardiomyocytes; dif, differentiation; ES, human embryonic stem cell line; Hep., hepatocytes; Hep.-A, adult hepatocytes; OPCs, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell; PSC, pluripotent stem cell.