Figure 3.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses for growth factor production under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The relative growth factor production values were measured with ELISA in Muse-rich and Muse-poor cell fractions cultured under hypoxic (1% O₂) or normoxic (6% O₂) conditions for 48 hours. The measured growth factors included HGF, SDF-1, PDGF-BB, VEGF, EGF, TGF-β, NGF-β, SCF, bFGF, and TNF-α. The y-axis indicates absorbance at 450 nm. The samples were collected from three independent experiments, and three replicates were used in each measurement. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗, p < .05. Abbreviations: bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; EGF, epidermal growth factor; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; Muse, multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring; NGF-β, nerve growth factor-β; PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor-BB; SCF, stem cell factor; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor 1; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.