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. 2015 Jan 16;8:39–45. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S69511

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© 2015 Merivirta et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Box plot of (A) respiratory rate (per minute) and (B) somnolence in the fentanyl and placebo groups over time.

Notes: The top and bottom of the boxes indicate the upper and lower quartiles, and the horizontal line in the box shows the median. Whiskers from the box indicate the most extreme point less than or equal to 1.5 interquartile ranges. Outliers (individual values more than 1.5 interquartile ranges) are shown with dots.

Abbreviations: NRS, numerical rating scale; Preop, preoperative; Postop, postoperative; 1.POD, first postoperative day; 4.POD, fourth postoperative day; Group F, transdermal fentanyl; Group P, placebo; h, hours.