Table 3. Chemical characteristics in soil and periderm.

		VL		VH		ZL		ZH		p-values
	N	mean	S.E.	mean	S.E.	mean	S.E.	mean	S.E.	overall ANOVA	VL vs. VH	ZL. vs. ZH
Soil
pH	16	5.61	0.03	6.43	0.03	6.87	0.03	7.01	0.03	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
C (%)	16	1.28	0.03	2.04	0.03	1.67	0.04	2.33	0.05	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
N (%)	16	0.146	0.003	0.214	0.003	0.178	0.003	0.221	0.003	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
S (mg.kg-1)	16	744.0	23.1	702.0	16.8	244.0	6.5	305.0	3.3	< 0.001	0.151	< 0.001
P (mg.kg-1)	16	921.0	13.8	1180.0	12.8	858.0	20.3	722.0	7.4	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Mg (g.kg-1)	16	12.40	0.22	11.80	0.18	3.78	0.18	4.56	0.06	< 0.001	0.043	0.001
Ca (g.kg-1)	16	1.89	0.10	3.20	0.13	2.34	0.11	4.15	0.10	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Fe (g.kg-1)	16	43.00	0.63	46.80	0.87	22.50	0.89	27.10	0.38	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001
Periderm
N (g.kg-1)	12	23.40	1.01	25.80	0.73	23.30	0.83	23.50	0.80	0.105	0.068	0.835
P (g.kg-1)	12	1.95	0.10	2.19	0.12	2.71	0.10	3.18	0.20	< 0.001	0.136	0.054
Ca (mg.kg-1)	12	0.57	0.06	1.04	0.10	0.68	0.07	1.00	0.09	< 0.001	0.001	0.008
Mg (mg.kg-1)	12	1.09	0.03	1.04	0.02	1.12	0.03	1.07	0.04	0.264	0.146	0.433
Fe (mg.kg-1)	12	0.37	0.03	0.51	0.05	0.70	0.09	0.71	0.15	0.007	0.035	0.966

Means and respective standard errors. Significantly higher values are in bold.