Table 2.
Cogniti ve scores at ARIC Visit 4 (1996–1998) and eight-year changes in cognitive scores
| Cognitive scores, mean ± SD | African American | White | All (n = 911) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Female (n = 291) | Male (n = 151) | Female (n = 268) | Male (n = 201) | ||
| Cognitive scores at 1996–1998 | |||||
| Delayed word recall | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 6.8 ± 1.5 | 6.7 ± 1.6 |
| Digit symbol substitution | 34.3 ± 12.5 | 30.0 ± 12.7 | 50.1 ± 9.9 | 44.6 ± 40.5 | 40.5 ± 14.0 |
| Word fluency | 30.8 ±12.6 | 28.9 ± 14.4 | 37.0 ± 11.4 | 35.1 ± 12.1 | 33.3 ± 12.9 |
| Cognitive scores at 2004–2006 | |||||
| Delayed word recall | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 1.7 |
| Digit symbol substitution | 31.2 ± 11.8 | 26.6 ± 11.6 | 45.2 ± 9.9 | 41.7 ± 11.0 | 36.9 ± 13.2 |
| Word fluency | 28.3 ± 12 | 26.4 ± 12.6 | 35.4 ± 10.8 | 34.4 ± 12.1 | 31.4 ± 12.3 |
| Change in cognitive scores1 | |||||
| Delayed word recall | −0.7 ± 1.8 | −0.6 ± 1.7 | −0.6 ± 1.7 | −0.8 ± 1.6 | −0.7 ± 1.7 |
| Digit symbol substitution | −3.1 ± 9.1 | −3.4 ± 6.9 | − 4.9 ± 6.7 | −2.9 ± 6.8 | −3.6 ± 7.6 |
| Word fluency | −2.5 ± 7.1 | −2.5 ± 9.4 | −1.6 ± 7.4 | −0.7 ± 6.9 | −1.8 ± 7.6 |
n, total number of study group; SD, standard deviation
1
Changes in cognitive scores = Scores at follow-up (2004–2006) – Scores at baseline (1996–1998)