Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants (N = 326)
| M(SD) or N(%) | |
|---|---|
| Demographic and Clinical Factors | |
| Age | 68.6(9.7) |
| Female | 132(40.5) |
| Non-whitea | 87(26.7) |
| Education Level | |
| 8th Grade or Less | 8(2.5) |
| 9–11th Grade | 30(9.2) |
| High School | 94(28.8) |
| Technical or Trade School | 36(11.0) |
| Some College | 86(26.4) |
| Bachelor’s Degree | 41(12.6) |
| Master’s Degree | 31(9.5) |
| SES Score | .08(4.2) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.3(6.7) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Indexb | 3.3(1.7) |
| Ejection Fraction | 29.3(8.4) |
| Self-reported HF Severity at Baseline (NYHA) | |
| Class I | 31(9.5) |
| Class II | 74(22.7) |
| Class III | 205(62.9) |
| Class IV | 16(4.9) |
| Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | |
| Total | 4.6(4.9) |
| Somatic | 2.5(2.3) |
| Nonsomatic | 2.1(3.1) |
| Cognitive Variable Scores | |
| Attention Composite Score | 44.3(7.5) |
| Stroop Word | 42.8(9.3) |
| Stroop Color | 45.1(9.6) |
| Trails A | 42.4(10.3) |
| Letter-Number Sequencing | 47.0(10.4) |
| Executive Function Composite Score | 45.9(8.1) |
| Stroop Color-Word | 45.1(10.1) |
| Trails B | 41.6(12.0) |
| Frontal Assessment Battery | 51.0(8.2) |
| Memory Composite Score | 47.9(7.8) |
| Learning Over Time | 49.5(10.7) |
| True Hits | 49.1(9.1) |
| Short Delay | 45.6(10.9) |
| Long Delay | 47.3(9.4) |
Note. SES = socioeconomic status. NYHA = New York Heart Association. HF = heart failure. Means and standard deviations are presented for continuous variables. Sample size and percentages are presented for categorical variables.
a
Of the non-white participants, 97% identified as African American.
b
Most common comorbidities reported on the Charlson and % of participants: myocardial infarction (50.3%), diabetes (44.5%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD (26.7%).