Learning and memory. Left: In Drosophila, the processes of KCs extend from their bodies in the calyx down through the peduncle into the α, α’, β, β’, and γ lobes. These lobes appear to play different roles in the formation, storage, and recall of memories. Right: Short-term memory (stm), medium-term memory (mtm) and long-term memory (ltm) are processed in the γ, α’/β’, and α/β lobes, respectively. An interesting possibility is that these three forms of memory are processed in parallel (see text).