FIGURE 1.

An outline of one-carbon metabolism with particular reference to formate. A schematic diagram of the subcellular compartmentalization of formate metabolism. SHMT, serine hydroxymethyltransferase; DMGD, dimethylglycine (DMG) dehydrogenase; SDH, sarcosine dehydrogenase; GCS, glycine cleavage enzyme complex; FTD, 10-formyl-THF dehydrogenase; 10f-THF, 10-formyl-THF; Hcy, homocysteine; MTHFD2/2L, mitochondrial bifunctional methylene THF dehydrogenase; MTHFD1, cytosolic trifunctional methylene-THF dehydrogenase; MTHFR, methylene-THF reductase; MS, methionine synthase; BHMT, betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase; MAT, methionine adenosyltransferase; SAHH, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase; 5,10-CH₂-THF, 5,10-methylene-THF; 5-CH₃-THF, 5-methyl-THF; 10f-THF, 10-formyl-THF; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine.