Table 1.
Summary of charges for catheterization by patient characteristics
| N (%) | Median ($) | Percentiles | P value | R 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25th | 75th | |||||
| Age | ||||||
| <1 month | 227 (6) | 26,843 | 17,136 | 33,839 | <0.001 | 0.029 |
| ≥1 month, <1 year | 659 (17) | 32,351 | 20,538 | 44,909 | ||
| ≥1 year, <5 years | 913 (24) | 33,540 | 19,617 | 45,392 | ||
| ≥5 years, <18 years | 1,340 (35) | 22,846 | 15,782 | 37,942 | ||
| ≥18 years | 700 (18) | 23,246 | 16,692 | 37,727 | ||
| Weight (kg) | ||||||
| <4 | 321 (8) | 28,759 | 17,646 | 35,660 | <0.001 | 0.034 |
| 4–9 | 830 (22) | 32,868 | 20,350 | 45,038 | ||
| 10–19 | 815 (21) | 33,787 | 19,818 | 45,769 | ||
| ≥20 | 1,872 (49) | 22,636 | 15,834 | 37,134 | ||
| Diagnosis a | ||||||
| No structural defects | 150 (4) | 16,676 | 11,949 | 23,039 | <0.001 | 0.298 |
| Heart transplant | 743 (19) | 15,126 | 13,335 | 20,632 | ||
| Isolated defects | 635 (17) | 31,337 | 21,636 | 36,807 | ||
| Pulmonary hypertension | 107 (3) | 16,784 | 10,086 | 21,724 | ||
| Complex two ventricle | 1,491 (39) | 34,235 | 21,006 | 48,927 | ||
| Single ventricle | 711 (19) | 37,014 | 24,004 | 50,281 | ||
| Genetic syndrome b | ||||||
| Yes | 502 (13) | 30,046 | 18,516 | 43,876 | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| No | 3,330 (87) | 27,896 | 17,621 | 41,025 | ||
| Non-cardiac problem c | ||||||
| Yes | 1,372 (36) | 25,696 | 17,448 | 40,602 | 0.03 | 0.002 |
| No | 2,454 (64) | 29,195 | 18,018 | 41,577 | ||
| Previous catheterization | ||||||
| Yes | 2,058 (54) | 35,819 | 21,406 | 50,322 | <0.001 | 0.151 |
| No | 1,781 (46) | 20,605 | 15,069 | 31,832 | ||
| Previous catheterization within 30 days | ||||||
| Yes | 207 (5) | 34,474 | 21,785 | 54,199 | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| No | 3,632 (95) | 27,573 | 17,676 | 40,899 | ||
| Previous surgery | ||||||
| Yes | 2,064 (54) | 35,099 | 21,340 | 48,898 | <0.001 | 0.143 |
| No | 1,775 (46) | 20,549 | 14,854 | 32,239 | ||
| Previous surgery within 30 days | ||||||
| Yes | 229 (6) | 29,451 | 18,708 | 43,172 | 0.11 | 0.001 |
| No | 3,610 (94) | 27,955 | 17,757 | 41,173 | ||
| Admit source | ||||||
| Elective | 3,038 (79) | 28,269 | 18,037 | 41,754 | 0.04 | 0.002 |
| Non elective | 801 (21) | 28,046 | 17,103 | 40,068 | ||
| Mechanical circulatory support d | ||||||
| Yes | 88 (2) | 28,323 | 17,408 | 39,615 | 0.98 | 0.000 |
| No | 3,724 (97) | 28,266 | 17,850 | 41,305 | ||
| Continuous supportive IV medications e | ||||||
| Yes | 421 (11) | 29,451 | 18,142 | 41,446 | 0.15 | 0.001 |
| No | 3,392 (88) | 27,896 | 17,731 | 41,213 | ||
| Intubation status f | ||||||
| Spontaneous | 1,393 (36) | 20,216 | 15,094 | 32,173 | <0.001 | 0.101 |
| Prior to transfer | 507 (13) | 31,079 | 18,794 | 43,262 | ||
| Before case | 1,886 (49) | 33,565 | 20,476 | 47,682 | ||
| During case | 40 (1) | 37,359 | 18,727 | 53,733 | ||
| Known vascular occlusion | ||||||
| Yes | 507 (13) | 30,548 | 18,660 | 48,133 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| No | 3,332 (87) | 27,914 | 17,716 | 40,716 | ||
| Indicators of hemodynamic vulnerability | ||||||
| 0 | 2,055 (54) | 23,416 | 16,050 | 36,775 | <0.001 | 0.024 |
| 1 | 1,018 (27) | 31,416 | 19,123 | 45,050 | ||
| ≥2 | 766 (20) | 32,376 | 19,274 | 47,319 | ||
aNot entered N = 2; b Not entered N = 7; c Not entered N = 13; d Not entered N = 27; e Not entered N = 26; f Not entered N = 13