Figure 1.
(A) Administration methods for the four processing modes utilized in this study. Mock: Embryos were incubated in egg water; aristolochic acid (AA): Embryos were exposed to 3 ppm AA at 24–31 hpf; and resveratrol (Resv)+AA or ursolic acid (UA)+AA groups: Embryos were treated with Resv or UA at 12–24 hpf (1, 10 and 20 ppm) and then exposed to AA at 24–31 hpf; (B) Survival rates of embryos in the prevention method. Embryos were incubated in water (mock), exposed to 3 ppm AA only (AA control), or treated with 1, 10 and 20 ppm Resv or UA following exposure to 3 ppm AA. The X- and Y-axes represent the developmental stages and the survival rates, respectively.