Table 3.
Risk of bias for included studies.
| Study | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boele et al. (37) | Low | Low | High | Uncleara | Uncleara |
| El-Jawahri et al. (38, 51) | Low | Low | High | Low | Unclear |
| Langbecker et al. (39, 49, 50) | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Grimes (48) | High | High | High | Unclear | Unclear |
| Delaney et al. (40) | High | High | High | Low | Unclear |
| Green et al. (41) | High | High | High | Unclear | Unclear |
| Lima et al. (42) | High | High | High | Uncleara | Uncleara |
| Patterson and Lovely (43) | High | High | High | Unclear | Unclear |
| Rabow et al. (44) | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Schratter-Sehn et al. (45) | High | High | High | Unclear | Unclear |
| Spezeski et al. (46) | High | High | High | Unclear | Unclear |
| Whiting et al. study 1 (47, 52) | High | High | High | Unclear | Unclear |
| Whiting et al. study 2 (47, 52) | High | High | High | Low | Unclear |
aUnclear risk as data collection in progress.